Sulphonylureas-Induced Increase in Insulin Binding and Glucose Metabolism by Isolated Rat Adipocytes

Summary

The effects of oral hypoglycaemic drugs, SPC-703 (n-/p-toluenesulphonyl/-5-methyl-2-pirazoline-1-carbonamide) and tolbutamide on insulin binding and glucose metabolism by isolated adipocytes were studied. After 10 days of administration of both sulphonylurea derivatives, no differences were observed in insulin concentration between both experimental and the control groups of animals, despite a significant fall in blood glucose level. SPC-703 and tolbutamide in concentrations of 1 mM added in vitro to the suspension of adipocytes had no effect on insulin binding or on basal and insulin simulated glucose metabolism. Daily administration of 300 mg/kg body weight of SPC-703 or tolbutamide for 10 days resulted in 48% and 34% increase of specific binding of insulin by adipocytes, respectively. From the Scatchard plot analysis we noted that the increase of binding resulted from increased affinity of insulin receptors for hormone. Simultaneous increase in basal and insulin stimulated glucose metabolism by adipocytes, as measured by ¹⁴CO₂ production and ¹⁴C incorporation into cellular lipids, was observed. The results indicate that hypoglycaemic action of sulphonylureas may be explained by increased affinity of insulin receptors and the stimulating action of these compounds on peripheral glucose metabolism.

Adipocytes - Sulphonylureas - Insulin Receptors - Glucose Metabolism