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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1016433
Spontane perirenale Hämatome bei Patienten mit Koagulopathien oder unter Antikoagulanzientherapie
Spontaneous Perirenal Hematomas in Patients Taking Anticoagulation Medication or Having a Bleeding DiathesisPublication History
Publication Date:
09 June 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Spontane Nierenrupturen sind seltene Ereignisse, die durch akute Flanken- oder abdominelle Schmerzen, Haematurie, Hypotension oder Schock zu einer akuten Symptomatik führen können. Häufig sind Nierentumore, insbesondere Angiomyolipome ursächlich verantwortlich, aber auch spontane Nierenrupturen unter chronischer Hämodialyse und Arteriosklerose der Niere mit interstitieller Nephritis sind beschrieben worden. Seit 2003 wurden in der urologischen Klinik der Anhaltischen Diakonissenanstalt Dessau 6 Patienten mit spontanen Nierenrupturen behandelt. Die Patienten standen unter einer antikoagulativen Medikation, in einem Fall war anamnestisch eine Gerinnungsstörung bekannt. Ein Patient verstarb kurz nach Aufnahme, alle anderen Patienten wurden bei suspekten Raumforderungen im CT oder Hb-wirksamen Blutungen explorativ freigelegt. In drei Fällen musste nephrektomiert werden, zwei Patienten wurden organerhaltend operiert. Eine Antikoagulationstherapie ist als zusätzlicher Risikofaktor für spontane Nierenrupturen zu werten, eine entsprechende Anamnese muss bei akuten Flankenschmerzen immer erhoben werden. Sollte eine notfallmäßige Intervention nicht notwendig sein, empfiehlt sich eine zeitnahe operative Freilegung unter optimierten, kontrollierten Bedingungen, da in der Mehrzahl der Fälle Tumoren die Ursache der Blutungen sind und die Patienten bei unterschiedlichen Grunderkrankungen auf eine Antikoagulationstherapie angewiesen sind.
Abstract
Spontaneous perirenal hematoma is a rare condition. The clinical features are acute flank or abdominal pain, haematuria, hypotension and shock. Bleeding is most commonly caused by renal tumours, especially angiomyolipomas. Other known causes are long-term haemodialysis, arteriosclerosis or arteritis. A total of 6 patients with spontaneous perirenal haemorrhage have been treated in our hospital since 2003. Nearly all patients had been taking anticoagulation medication. One had a bleeding diathesis. One of the patients died immediately after admission at the hospital. All other patients had an exploratory laparotomy. In three cases total nephrectomy had to be performed, two other patients could be treated with partial nephrectomy. In patients with non-traumatic acute flank or abdominal pain it is important to determine whether the patient has been taking anticoagulation medication or suffers from bleeding diathesis because there is a high incidence of bleeding complications in these cases. If an emergent laparotomy is not necessary we recommend that these cases should be treated surgically after clinical stabilisation because tumours are the main reason for the haematomas and the patients have an urgent need for further anticoagulation therapy.
Schlüsselwörter
Perirenales Hämatom - antikoagulative Medikation - Antikoagulanzientherapie - Nierentumore
Key words
Perirenal haematoma - anticoagulation - bleeding diathesis - renal tumours
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Dr. Sandra Seseke
Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Robert Koch Straße 40
37075 Göttingen
Phone: 0551-396166
Fax: 0551-396165
Email: srebman@gwdg.de