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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963195
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Methodische Aspekte der funktionellen Neurobildgebung im MRT-Hochfeldbereich: eine kritische Übersicht
Methodological Aspects of Functional Neuroimaging at High Field Strength: a Critical ReviewPublication History
eingereicht: 16.10.2006
angenommen: 22.4.2007
Publication Date:
26 June 2007 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die letzten Jahre haben eindrucksvoll bewiesen, dass die Hochfeld-Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) in nahezu allen Belangen den konventionellen Geräten bis 1,5 Tesla (T) überlegen ist. Nachdem 3-T-Geräte ihren weltweiten Siegeszug durch Forschungseinrichtungen angetreten haben, ist eine neue Gerätegeneration mit Feldstärken von 7T und mehr in Sichtweite. Mit dem Sprung zu ultrahohen Feldern nähert sich die MRT-Technologie immer mehr den physikalischen Grenzen des Machbaren an und ein immer größerer finanzieller Aufwand muss betrieben werden, um dies zu erreichen. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird versucht, einen kritischen Überblick über die Vorteile, aber auch die inhärenten Probleme der funktionellen Bildgebung bei ultrahoher Feldstärke zu geben. Dabei beschränken wir uns hauptsächlich auf T2*-basierte, nichtkontrastmittelgestützte funktionelle Bildgebungstechniken. Dargestellt wird die Bedeutung der Hochfeldtechnologie im Hinblick auf SNR, CNR, Auflösung, Sequenzen sowie auf Artefakte, Lärmbelastung und SAR. Einen besonderen Stellenwert nimmt die Diskussion der parallelen Bildgebung ein, die voraussichtlich die Weiterentwicklung bei hohen und ultrahohen Feldstärken maßgeblich bestimmen wird. Abschließend wird versucht, anhand ausgewählter Publikationen die Bedeutung hoher Feldstärken für die funktionelle Neurobildgebung zu verdeutlichen.
Abstract
The last few years have proven that high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior in nearly every way to conventional equipment up to 1.5 tesla (T). Following the global success of 3T-scanners in research institutes and medical practices, a new generation of MRI devices with field strengths of 7T and higher is now on the horizon. The introduction of ultra high fields has brought MRI technology closer to the physical limitations and increasingly greater costs are required to achieve this goal. This article provides a critical overview of the advantages and problems of functional neuroimaging using ultra high field strengths. This review is principally limited to T2*-based functional imaging techniques not dependent on contrast agents. The main issues include the significance of high field technology with respect to SNR, CNR, resolution, and sequences, as well as artifacts, noise exposure, and SAR. Of great relevance is the discussion of parallel imaging, which will presumably determine the further development of high and ultra high field strengths. Finally, the importance of high field strengths for functional neuroimaging is explained by selected publications.
Key words
brain - technical aspects - MR functional imaging - high field strength - review
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Dr. Lukas Scheef
Experimentelle Radiologie, Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25
53105 Bonn
Phone: ++49/2 28/28 71 58 70
Fax: ++49/2 28/28 71 60 93
Email: Lukas.Scheef@ukb.uni-bonn.de