RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963229
© Karl Demeter Verlag im Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Sonografische Verlaufsbeurteilung der alkoholischen Fettleber durch untersucherbezogene und digitale Analyse der Echogenität des Binnenreflexmusters
Sonographic Course of Alcoholic Fatty Liver by Interobserver and Digital Evaluation of Liver EchogenicityPublikationsverlauf
Manuskript eingetroffen: 21.6.2006
Manuskript akzeptiert: 9.5.2007
Publikationsdatum:
14. August 2007 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Die Reversibilität der alkoholischen Fettleber ist seit langem bekannt. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war, ob deren Rückbildung im Rahmen einer stationären Entwöhnungstherapie sonografisch nachvollziehbar dokumentiert werden kann. Patienten und Methodik: 59 männliche Patienten mit Alkoholabhängigkeit wurden zu Beginn und Ende einer stationären Entwöhnungstherapie sonografisch untersucht. Die Graduierung der Fettleber erfolgte qualitativ (keine, leichte, mittelschwere oder ausgeprägte Fettleber). Die sonografischen Bilder wurden digital gespeichert und von zwei unabhängigen Gutachtern am PC nachbeurteilt. Ergänzend wurde an repräsentativen Regionen der Leber und Niere eine digitale Texturanalyse durchgeführt. Das Pixelintensitätsverhältnis von Leber und Niere wurde als Maß für die Echogenität der Leber bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Folgende Schweregrade der Fettleber wurden bei Studienbeginn dokumentiert: Ausgeprägt n = 18 (31 %), mittelschwer n = 19 (32 %), leichtgradig n = 22 (37 %). Insgesamt konnte bei 37 Patienten (63 %) innerhalb von 79 ± 26 Tagen sonografisch eine Besserung des Initialbefundes dokumentiert werden (p ≤ 0,0001; 95 % Konfidenzintervall: 50 - 74 %). Die Fremdbegutachtungen ergaben Besserungsraten von 47 bzw. 54 %. Der Grad der Übereinstimmung zwischen den drei Ratings bezüglich Schweregrad und Verlauf war hoch (Intraclasskoeffizient = 0,896) bei deutlichen Abweichungen zwischen den einzelnen Schweregraden (Übereinstimmung 15 - 86 %). Die Abgrenzung keine/leichte versus mittelgradige/schwere Fettleber zeigte jedoch Übereinstimmungen von 81 bis 91 %. Die Texturanalyse ergab im Verlauf einen Abfall des Pixelintensitätsverhältnisses von 17 % (p ≤ 0,0001). Schlussfolgerungen: In einem Zeitfenster von 3 Monaten Alkoholkarenz zeigt sich in 50 % der Fälle eine sonografisch nachvollziehbare Besserung der alkoholischen Fettleber. Die Interoberservervariabilität bei der Unterscheidung: Keine/leichte versus mittelgradige/schwere Fettleber ist gering. Die digitale Texturanalyse des B-Bildes bestätigt die Verlaufsbeurteilung und könnte künftig einen Beitrag zur Quantifizierung des sonografischen Verfettungsgrades leisten.
Abstract
Background: The reversibility of alcoholic fatty liver is well-known. The present study aims to investigate whether sonographic controls can document this reversibility under abstinence therapy with respect to inter-observer variability. Methods: 59 male patients with alcohol dependency were examined by ultrasound at the beginning and the end of a long-term in-patient withdrawal therapy. Fatty liver was graded qualitatively (no, slight, moderate and severe fatty liver). The sonographic liver sections were registered digitally per examination and were subsequently evaluated by means of the PC by two independent experts. Additionally, a digital texture analysis of representative hepatic and renal regions was performed. The pixel intensity ratio of liver and kidney was used as a measure of liver echogenicity. Results: In the ultrasound examination, the 59 patients had the following severity grade of fatty liver initially: 18 (31 %) severe, 19 (32 %) moderate, 22 (37 %) slight. 37 patients (63 %) showed sonographically an improvement of the initial severity grade within 79 ± 26 days (p < 0.0001, 95 % confidence interval: 50 - 74 %). The evaluation by the independent experts revealed 47 and 54 % improvement, respectively. The overall degree of agreement between the 3 ratings concerning grading and course was high (intraclass coefficient = 0.896). However, there was a marked deviation between the several grading levels (agreement 15 - 86 %). The categorical differentiation between no/slight versus moderate/severe fatty liver revealed an agreement of between 81 and 91 %. The mean pixel intensity ratio showed an improvement of 17 % (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: After 3 months abstinence an improvement of alcoholic fatty liver can be consistently documented in about 50 % of the cases by sonography. The interobserver variability on differentiating no/slight versus moderate/severe fatty liver was low. The digital texture analysis confirmed the range of reversibility and could play a role in quantifying the sonographic degree of fatty infiltration.
Schlüsselwörter
Alkoholische Fettleber - Steatohepatitis - Ultraschall - Digitale Texturanalyse
Key words
liver steatosis - steatohepatitis - ultrasound - texture analysis
Literatur
- 1
Needelman L, Kurtz A B, Rifkin M D. et al .
Sonography of diffuse benign liver disease: Accuracy pattern recognition and grading.
AJR.
1986;
146
1011-1015
MissingFormLabel
- 2
Saverymuttu S J, Maxwell J.
Ultrasound scanning in the detection of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis.
Brit Med J.
1986;
292
13-15
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Haberkorn U, Zuna I, Lorenz A. et al .
Echographic tissue characterization in diffuse parenchymal liver disease: correlation
of image structure with histology.
Ultrasonic Imaging.
1990;
12
155-170
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Joseph A EA, Saverymuttu S H, Al-Sam S. et al .
Comparison of liver histology with ultrasonography in assessing diffuse parenchymal
liver disease.
Clin Radiol.
1991;
43
26-31
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Layer G, Zuna I, Lorenz A. et al .
Computerized ultrasound B-scan texture analysis of experimental diffuse parenchymal
liver disease: correlation with histopathology and tissue composition.
J Clin Ultrasound.
1991;
19
193-201
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Palmentieri B, Sio de I, La Mura V. et al .
The role of bright liver echo pattern on ultrasound B-mode examination in the diagnosis
of liver steatosis.
Dig Liver Dis.
2006;
38
485-489
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Dietrich C F, Wehrmann T, Zeuzem S. et al .
Analyse des Echomusters der Leber bei chronischer Hepatitis C.
Ultraschall in Med.
1998;
19
9-14
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Caturelli E, Squillante M M, Andriulli A. et al .
Hypoechoic lesions in the „bright liver”: a reliable indicator of fatty change. A
prospective study.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol.
1992;
7
469-472
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Aubin B, Denys A, Lafortune M. et al .
Focal sparing of liver parenchyma in steatosis: role of the gallbladder and ist vessels.
J Ultrasound Med.
1995;
14
77-80
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Matsui O, Kadoya M, Takahashi S. et al .
Focal sparing of segment IV in fatty livers shown by sonography and CT: correlation
with aberrant gastric venous drainage.
Amer J Roentgenol.
1995;
164
1137-1140
MissingFormLabel
- 11 Heyder N. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin. Befundung und Nomenklatur bei Ultraschalluntersuchungen innerer Organe Berlin; Springer-Verlag 1994
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Kuc R.
Clinical application of the ultrasound attenuation estimation technique for liver
pathology characterization.
IEEE Trans Biol Med Eng.
1980;
27
312-318
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Taylor K JW, Riely C A, Hammers L. et al .
Quantitative US attenuation in normal liver and in patients with diffuse liver disease:
Importance of fat.
Radiology.
1986;
160
65-71
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Duerinckx A J, Rosenberg K, Hoefs J. et al .
In vivo acoustic attenuation in liver: Correlation with blood tests and histology.
Ultrasound Med Biol.
1988;
14
405-413
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Garra B S, Insana M F, Shawker T H. et al .
Quantitative estimation of liver attenuation and echogenicity: Normal state versus
diffuse liver disease.
Radiology.
1987;
162
61-67
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Syakalima M, Takiguchi M, Yasuda J. et al .
Comparison of attenuation and liver-kidney contrast of liver ultrasonographs with
histology and biochemistry in dogs with experimentally induced steroid hepatopathy.
Vet Q.
1998;
20
18-22
MissingFormLabel
- 17
Lu Z F, Zagzebski J A, Lee F T.
Ultrasound backscatter and attenuation in human liver with diffuse disease.
Ultrasound Med Biol.
1999;
25
1047-1054
MissingFormLabel
- 18
Dietrich C F, Lee J H, Gottschalk R. et al .
Flow pattern in the right liver vein reflects fatty infiltration of the liver in patients
with chronic hepatitis C.
Amer J Roentgenol.
1998;
171
437-434
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Osawa H, Mori Y.
Sonographic diagnosis of fatty liver using a histogram technique that compares liver
and renal cortical echo amplitudes.
J Clin Ultrasound.
1996;
24
25-29
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Vehmas T, Kaukiainen A, Luoma K. et al .
Liver echogenicity: measurement or visual grading?.
Comput Med Imaging Graph.
2004;
28
289-293
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Lee C H, Choi J W, Kim K A. et al .
Usefulness of standard deviation on the histogram of ultrasound as a quantitative
value for hepatic parenchymal echo texture; preliminary study.
Ultrasound Med Biol.
2006;
32
1817-1826
MissingFormLabel
- 22 Seitz H K. Alkoholische Lebererkrankungen. Riemann, Fischbach, Galle, Mössner Gastroenterologie in Klinik und Praxis Stuttgart; Thieme Verlag im Druck
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Stickel F, Urbaschek R, Schuppan D. et al .
Serum Collagen Type VI and XIV and Hyaluronic Acid as Early Indicators for Altered
Connective Tissue Turnover in Alcoholic Liver Disease.
Dig Dis Sci.
2001;
46
2025-2032
MissingFormLabel
- 24
Ludwig J, Viggiano T, Mc Gill D. et al .
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease.
Mayo Clin Proc.
1980;
55
434-438
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Brunt E M, Janney C G, Di Bisceglie A M. et al .
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A proposal for grading and staging the histological
lesions.
Am J Gastroenterol.
1999;
94
2467-2474
MissingFormLabel
- 26
Caballeria J, Pares A, Bru C. et al .
Metadoxine accelerates fatty liver recovery in alcoholic patients: results of a randomized
double-blind, placebo-control trial.
J Hepatol.
1998;
28
54-60
MissingFormLabel
- 27
Frenzese A, Vajro P, Argenziano A. et al .
Liver involvement in obese children. Ultrasonography and liver enzyme levels at diagnosis
and during follow-up in an Italian population.
Dig Dis Sci.
1997;
42
1428-1432
MissingFormLabel
- 28
Tock L, Prado W L, Caranti D A. et al .
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease decrease in obese adolescents after multidisciplinary
therapy.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2006;
18
1241-1245
MissingFormLabel
- 29
Park S H, Kim B I, Kim H J. et al .
Clinical features associated with improvement of fatty liver disease.
Intern Med J.
2005;
35
473-477
MissingFormLabel
- 30
Liu C L, Huang J K, Cheng S P. et al .
Fatty liver and transaminase changes with adjuvant tamoxifen therapy.
Anticancer Drugs.
2006;
17
709-713
MissingFormLabel
- 31 Klinisch-Diagnostische Leitlinien ICD-10. Dilling H, Mombour W, Schmidt MH Göttingen; Verlag Hans Huber 1999 3. Aufl: Kap. V(f).
MissingFormLabel
- 32 Ultramark 9 HDI Benutzer-Handbuch. Solingen; ATL (Deutschland) GmbH 1999: 1/5-1/17 DOI: 4773-0013-05
MissingFormLabel
- 33 Materka A, Strzelecki M. Texture Analysis Methods - A Review. Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Electronics 1998: 1-33
MissingFormLabel
- 34 Gladisch R. Praxis der abdominellen Ultraschalldiagnostik. Stuttgart; Schattauer 1992
MissingFormLabel
- 35
Graif M, Yanuka M, Baraz M. et al .
Quantitative estimation of attenuation in ultrasound video images.
Invest Radiol.
2000;
35
319-324
MissingFormLabel
- 36
Saadeh S, Younossi Z M, Remer E M. et al .
The utility of radiological imaging in non-alcoholic fatty liver diasease.
Gastroenterology.
2002;
123
745-750
MissingFormLabel
- 37
Lamont A C, Graebe A C, Pelmore J M. et al .
Ultrasound assessment of renal cortical brightness in infants: is naked eye evaluation
reliable?.
Invest Radiol.
1990;
25
250-253
MissingFormLabel
- 38
Layer G, Zuna I, Lorenz A. et al .
Computerized ultrasound B-scan texture analysis of experimental fatty liver disease:
influence of total lipid content and fat deposit distribution.
Ultrasonic Imaging.
1990;
12
171-188
MissingFormLabel
- 39
Smith-Levitin M, Blickstein I, Albrecht-Shach A A. et al .
Quantitative assessment of grey-level perception: observer’s accuracy is dependent
on density differences.
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.
1997;
10
346-349
MissingFormLabel
- 40
Longo R, Ricci C, Masutti F. et al .
Fatty infiltration of liver: quantification by 1H localized MR spectroscopy and comparison
with CT.
Invest Radiol.
1993;
28
297-302
MissingFormLabel
- 41
Longo R, Pollesello P, Ricci C. et al .
Use of 1 H MRS in the quantitative in vivo determination of the fat content in human
liver steatosis.
JMRI.
1995;
5
281-285
MissingFormLabel
- 42
Ricci C, Longo R, Gioulis E. et al .
Noninvasive in vivo quantitative assessment of fat content in human liver.
J Hepatol.
1997;
27
108-113
MissingFormLabel
- 43
Ataseven H, Yildirim M H, Yalniz M. et al .
The value of ultrasonography and computerized tomography in estimating the histopathological
severity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Acta Gastroenterol Belg.
2005;
68
221-225
MissingFormLabel
Dr. Benjamin Simonis
Gastroenterologie, Gemeinschaftspraxis
Frankfurter Str. 3
64293 Darmstadt
Telefon: ++49/61 51/17 79 22
Fax: ++49/61 51/29 59 25
eMail: benjamin.simonis@arcor.de