RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963623
© Karl Demeter Verlag im Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Minimalinvasive Therapie einer Patientin mit nekrotisierender Pankreatitis und unterbrochenem Pankreasgang: Darstellung des Falles und Review der Literatur
Minimal Invasive Therapy in a Patient with Necrotizing Pancreatitis and Disrupted Duct by Percutaneous Endoscopy: Report of a Case and Review of LiteraturePublikationsverlauf
Manuskript eingetroffen: 25.6.2007
Manuskript akzeptiert: 26.9.2007
Publikationsdatum:
07. Mai 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Eine 68-jährige Rentnerin wurde im November 2006 mit gürtelförmigen Bauchschmerzen in ein Krankenhaus der Primarversorgung eingeliefert. Bei der klinischen Untersuchung zeigte sich ein klassischer Gummibauch und laborchemisch eine Erhöhung der Lipase auf 29 456 U/l. 1971 war wegen Gallensteinen eine Cholezystektomie durchgeführt worden. Bei Verschlechterung des Allgemeinzustandes erfolgte die Verlegung auf unsere Intensivstation. Antibiotika wurde sofort verabreicht. In der Computertomografie und der Kontrastmittelsonografie zeigte sich eine nekrotisierende Pankreatitis. Zehn Tage später hatte sich ein großer Verhalt zwischen Milz und linker Niere ausgebildet, in den ultraschallgesteuert eine 12-Fr-Pigtail-Drainage eingelegt wurde. Endoskopisch-retrograd zeigte sich eine Kommunikation zwischen Pankreasgang und Nekrosehöhle. Nach Sphinkterotomie wurde ein 7-Fr/ 7-cm-Plastikstent eingelegt. Alle zehn Tage wurde die Drainage durch eine größere ersetzt. Nach insgesamt 30 Tagen wurde über eine 28-Fr-Schleuse eine endoskopische Nekrosektomie mit einem perkutanen Cholangioskop durchgeführt. Als die Entfernung der Nekrosen nur unzureichend gelang, wurde nach Platzierung eines Laparaskopietrokars die Untersuchung mit einem Standardgastroskop wiederholt. Diesmal gelang eine komplette Nekrosektomie. Im Weiteren entfieberte die Patientin. Der klinische Zustand verbesserte sich erheblich. Die Fistel zwischen Pankreasgang und Nekrosehöhle wurde mit Onyx verschlossen. Danach verkleinerte sich auch die Nekrosehöhle. Zwischenzeitlich konnte die Patientin nach Hause entlassen werden. Die Gabe von Antibiotika wurde beendet und die perkutane Drainage nach einigen Wochen während einer ambulanten Vorstellung entfernt.
Abstract
A 68-year-old lady was admitted to a primary care centre with abdominal pain. She presented with a tender abdomen and a lipase level of 29 456 U/L. Cholecystectomy had been performed in 1971. Because her clinical state worsened the patient was transferred to our intensive care unit. Computed tomography and contrast ultrasound revealed necrotising pancreatitis. Antibiotics were started immediately. 10 days later the patient became febrile and an area of liquid necrosis between the spleen and the left kidney was drained under sonographic guidance by a 12 Fr pigtail. Every ten days the drain was replaced by a larger one. ERCP revealed a communication between the pancreatic duct and the growing necrotic cavity. A 7 Fr/ 7 cm plastic stent was put in. After 30 days an unsuccessful endoscopic necrosectomy was attempted with the cholangioscope through a 28 Fr peel-away sheath. In a further session an effective percutaneous necrosectomy was possible through a laparascopy trocar with a standard gastroscope. The patient became afebrile and signs of infection decreased. The persisting communication between the pancreatic duct and the necrotic cavity was closed with onyx. In the following days the dimensions of the necrotic cavity decreased rapidly. Finally the patient could be discharged home in good health. Antibiotics were stopped and the percutaneous drain was taken out after some weeks of ambulatory care.
Schlüsselwörter
Pankreatitis - Pankreasnekrose - Nekrosektomie
Key words
pancreatitis - pancreatic necrosis - necrosectomy
Literatur
- 1
Uhl W, Warshaw A, Imrie C. et al, International Association of Pancreatology .
IAP Guidelines for the Surgical Management of Acute Pancreatitis.
Pancreatology.
2002;
2 (6)
565-573
MissingFormLabel
- 2
Isaji S, Takada T, Kawarada Y. et al .
J JPN Guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis: surgical management.
Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg.
2006;
13
48-55
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Heinrich S, Schafer M, Rousson V. et al .
Evidence-based treatment of acute pancreatitis: a look at established paradigms.
Ann Surg.
2006;
243
154-168
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Werner J, Hartwig W, Buchler M W.
Antibiotic prophylaxis: an ongoing controversy in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
2007;
42 (6)
667-672
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Takeda K, Takada T, Kawarada Y. et al; JPN .
JPN Guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis: medical management of acute
pancreatitis.
J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg.
2006;
13 (1)
42-47
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Trudel J L, Wittnich C, Brown R A.
Antibiotics bioavailability in acute experimental pancreatitis.
J Am Coll Surg.
1994;
178 (5)
475-479
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Foitzik T, Fernandez-del Castillo C, Ferraro M J. et al .
Pathogenesis and prevention of early pancreatic infection in experimental acute necrotizing
pancreatitis.
Ann Surg.
1995;
222 (2)
179-185
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Gloor B, Worni M, Strobel O. et al .
Cefepime tissue penetration in experimental acute pancreatitis.
Pancreas.
2003;
26 (2)
117-121
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Santvoort H C, Besselink M G, Bollen T L. et al; Dutch Acute Pancreatitis Study Group .
Case-matched comparison of the retroperitoneal approach with laparotomy for necrotizing
pancreatitis.
World J Surg.
2007;
31 (8)
1635-1642
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Isaji van S, Takada T, Kawarada Y. et al .
J JPN Guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis: surgical management.
Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg.
2006;
13
48-55
MissingFormLabel
- 11
Heinrich S, Schafer M, Rousson V. et al .
Evidence-based treatment of acute pancreatitis: a look at established paradigms.
Ann Surg.
2006;
243
154-168
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Bradley 3 rd E L.
A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis. Summary of the International
Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, Ga, September 11 through 13, 1992.
Arch Surg.
1993;
128 (5)
586-590
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Branum G, Galloway J, Hirchowitz W. et al .
Pancreatic necrosis: results of necrosectomy, packing, and ultimate closure over drains.
Ann Surg.
1998;
227 (6)
870-877
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Bosscha K, Hulstaert P F, Hennipman A. et al .
Fulminant acute pancreatitis and infected necrosis: results of open management of
the abdomen and „planned” reoperations.
J Am Coll Surg.
1998;
187 (3)
255-262
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Sarr M G, Nagorney D M, Mucha Jr P. et al .
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis: management by planned, staged pancreatic necrosectomy/debridement
and delayed primary wound closure over drains.
Br J Surg.
1991;
78 (5)
576-581
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Tsiotos G G, Luque-Leon de E, Soreide J A. et al .
Management of necrotizing pancreatitis by repeated operative necrosectomy using a
zipper technique.
Am J Surg.
1998;
175 (2)
91-98
MissingFormLabel
- 17
Fagniez P L, Rotman N.
Effect of the date of surgery on the prognosis of severe acute biliary pancreatitis.
Associations of Surgery Research.
Chirurgie.
1998;
123 (4)
368-372
MissingFormLabel
- 18
Villazón A, Villazón O, Terrazas F. et al .
Retroperitoneal drainage in the management of the septic phase of severe acute pancreatitis.
World J Surg.
1991;
15 (1)
103-107
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Van Vyve E L, Reynaert M S, Lengele B G. et al .
Retroperitoneal laparostomy: a surgical treatment of pancreatic abscesses after an
acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Surgery.
1992;
111 (4)
369-375
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Nakasaki H, Tajima T, Fujii K. et al .
A surgical treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis: retroperitoneal laparotomy.
Dig Surg.
1999;
16 (6)
506-511
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Fernandez-del Castillo C, Rattner D W, Makary M A. et al .
Debridement and closed packing for the treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis.
Ann Surg.
1998;
228 (5)
676-684
MissingFormLabel
- 22
Beger H G, Buchler M, Bittner R. et al .
Necrosectomy and postoperative local lavage in necrotizing pancreatitis.
Br J Surg.
1988;
75 (3)
207-212
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Farkas G, Marton J, Mandi Y. et al .
Surgical management and complex treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis: 18-year
experience at a single center.
J Gastrointest Surg.
2006;
10 (2)
278-285
MissingFormLabel
- 24
Werner J, Feuerbach S, Uhl W. et al .
Management of acute pancreatitis: from surgery to interventional intensive care.
Gut.
2005;
54 (3)
426-436
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Seifert H, Wehrmann T, Schmitt T. et al .
Retroperitoneal endoscopic debridement for infected peripancreatic necrosis.
Lancet.
2000;
356
653-655
MissingFormLabel
- 26
Gmeinwieser J, Feuerbach S, Zirngibl H.
Percutaneous treatment of infected necrotizing pancreatitis.
Eur IHPBA.
1997;
23
575-578
MissingFormLabel
- 27
Freeny P C, Hauptmann E, Althaus S J. et al .
Percutaneous CT-guided catheter drainage of infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis:
techniques and results.
Am J Roentgenol.
1998;
170 (4)
969-975
MissingFormLabel
- 28
Echenique A M, Sleeman D, Yrizarry J. et al .
Percutaneous catheter-directed debridement of infected pancreatic necrosis: results
in 20 patients.
J Vasc Interv Radiol.
1998;
9 (4)
565-571
MissingFormLabel
- 29
Gouzi J L, Bloom E, Julio C. et al .
Percutaneous drainage of infected pancreatic necrosis: an alternative to surgery.
Chirurgie.
1999;
124 (1)
31-37
MissingFormLabel
- 30
Cheung M T, Ho C N, Siu K W. et al .
Percutaneous drainage and necrosectomy in the management of pancreatic necrosis.
ANZ J Surg.
2005;
75 (4)
204-207
MissingFormLabel
- 31
Mui L M, Wong S K, Ng E K. et al .
Combined sinus tract endoscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
in management of pancreatic necrosis and abscess.
Surg Endosc.
2005;
19
393-397
MissingFormLabel
- 32
Zhu J F, Fan X H, Zhang X H.
Laparoscopic treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.
Surg Endosc.
2001;
15 (2)
146-148
MissingFormLabel
- 33
Gambiez L P, Denimal F A, Porte H L. et al .
Retroperitoneal approach and endoscopic management of peripancreatic necrosis collections.
Arch Surg.
1998;
133 (1)
66-72
MissingFormLabel
- 34
Carter C R, McKay C J, Imrie C W.
Percutaneous necrosectomy and sinus tract endoscopy in the management of infected
pancreatic necrosis: an initial experience.
Ann Surg.
2000;
232 (2)
175-180
MissingFormLabel
- 35
Horvath K D, Kao L S, Wherry K L. et al .
A technique for laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous drainage of infected pancreatic
necrosis and pancreatic abscess.
Surg Endosc.
2001;
15 (10)
1221-1225
MissingFormLabel
- 36
Castellanos G, Pinero A, Serrano A. et al .
Translumbar retroperitoneal endoscopy: an alternative in the follow-up and management
of drained infected pancreatic necrosis.
Arch Surg.
2005;
140
952-955
MissingFormLabel
- 37
Connor S, Alexakis N, Raraty M G. et al .
Early and late complications after pancreatic necrosectomy.
Surgery.
2005;
137
499-505
MissingFormLabel
- 38
Baron T H, Thaggard W G, Morgan D E. et al .
Endoscopic therapy for organized pancreatic necrosis.
Gastroenterology.
1996;
111 (3)
755-764
MissingFormLabel
- 39
Seewald S, Groth S, Omar S. et al .
Aggressive endoscopic therapy for pancreatic necrosis and pancreatic abscess: a new
safe and effective treatment algorithm.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2005;
62 (1)
92-100
MissingFormLabel
- 40
Charnley R M, Lochan R, Gray H. et al .
Endoscopic necrosectomy as primary therapy in the management of infected pancreatic
necrosis.
Endoscopy.
2006;
38 (9)
925-928
MissingFormLabel
- 41
Baron T H, Harewood G C, Morgan D E. et al .
Outcome differences after endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis, acute pancreatic
pseudocysts, and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2002;
56 (1)
7-17
MissingFormLabel
- 42
Hookey L C, Debroux S, Delhaye M. et al .
Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic-fluid collections in 116 patients: a comparison
of etiologies, drainage techniques, and outcomes.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2006;
63 (4)
635-643
MissingFormLabel
- 43
Uomo G, Molino D, Visconti M. et al .
The incidence of main pancreatic duct disruption in severe biliary pancreatitis.
Am J Surg.
1998;
176 (1)
49-52
MissingFormLabel
- 44
Varadarajulu S, Noone T C, Tutuian R. et al .
Predictors of outcome in pancreatic duct disruption managed by endoscopic transpapillary
stent placement.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2005;
61 (4)
568-575
MissingFormLabel
- 45
Brennan P M, Stefaniak T, Palmer K R. et al .
Endoscopic transpapillary stenting of pancreatic duct disruption.
Dig Surg.
2006;
23 (4)
250-254
MissingFormLabel
- 46
Arvanitakis M, Delhaye M, Bali M A. et al .
Endoscopic treatment of external pancreatic fistulas: when draining the main pancreatic
duct is not enough.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2007;
102 (3)
516-524
MissingFormLabel
- 47
Engler S, Dorlars D, Riemann J F.
Endoscopic fibrin gluing of a pancreatic duct fistula following acute pancreatitis.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr.
1996;
121
1396-1400
MissingFormLabel
- 48
Sofuni A, Itoi T, Tsuchiya T. et al .
Endoscopic sealing of a pancreatic fistula using ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate.
Endoscopy.
2006;
38 Suppl 2
E71-E72
MissingFormLabel
- 49
Mutignant M, Tringali A, Khodadadian E. et al .
External pancreatic fistulas resistant to conventinal endoscopic therapy: endoscopic
closure with n-butyl-w-cyanoacrylate.
Endoscopy.
2004;
36 (8)
738-742
MissingFormLabel
- 50
Seewald S, Brand B, Groh S. et al .
Endoscopic sealing of pancreatic fistula by using N-butyl-w-cyanoacralate.
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
2004;
59
463-470
MissingFormLabel
Ina Zuber-Jerger
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I der Universität Regensburg
93042 Regensburg
eMail: ina.zuber-jerger@klinik.uni-regensburg.de