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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963655
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Das familiäre systematisierte Hypermobilitätssyndrom bei generalisierter Bindegewebsschwäche
The Familial Systematised Hypermobility Syndrome in Generalised Connective Tissue WeaknessPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
20. Dezember 2007 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die konstitutionelle artikuläre Hypermobilität bzw. Bandlaxität mit den Begleit- und den pathologischen Folgezuständen des Hypermobilitätssyndroms sind in der deutschsprachigen Rheumatologie und Orthopädie kaum beachtet, obwohl mit einer altersabhängigen und überwiegend weiblichen Prävalenz um mehr als 3 % gerechnet werden muss. Der Diagnose einer systematisierten artikulären Hypermobilität liegt die Positivität des (allerdings recht sensiblen) Beighton-Scores zugrunde, dem wir das „Paganini-Syndrom” hinzufügen. Der Befund verpflichtet zur klinischen Beachtung der potenziell drohenden pathologischen Phänomene und der Stigmata des bindegewebig generalisierten, meistens familiären Hypermobilitätssyndroms. Zu diesem und zum Umfeld seines großen, multidisziplinär und differenzialdiagnostisch relevanten Symptomenpanoramas gehören episodische synovitische Reizzustände der instabilen Gelenke, deren vorzeitige (prämature) arthrotische Degeneration, die Fibromyalgie, angeborene bzw. habituelle Luxationen und die adoleszente Chondropathia patellae. Unser geringes Wissen über die sogenannten idiopathischen (primären) Arthrosen, wie die Polyarthrose, erfährt durch die Hypermobilität einen neuen, aber wesentlichen ätiologischen Faktor. Es kommen hinzu extraartikulär die Folgen auch viszeraler und vaskulärer „Bindegewebsschwäche”, faziale Stigmata sowie Probleme der gestörten Sensomotorik, psychopathologischer Zustände und Entwicklungsstörungen. Atypische Texturbefunde der Haut bestätigen die mit dem hypermobilen Typ des Ehlers-Danlos-Syndroms (EDS III) überlappende Nosologie; Kollagenmusteranomalien des Gelenkknorpels und Meniskus entsprechen der Hypothese, dass diese pathologische Kollagentextur der Instabilität der Stützgewebe und der Anfälligkeit der Gelenkstrukturen - wahrscheinlich auf dominant vererbter molekular-genetischer Grundlage einer gestörten Biosynthese der Kollagentypen - dem Hypermobilitätssyndrom zugrunde liegt.
Abstract
The consitutional articular hypermobility or, respectively, ligament laxity with its accompanying and pathological consequences of the hypermobility syndrome are almost unobserved in the German-speaking rheumatology literature, although we reckon with a (depending on the age and mainly female) prevalence of 3 %. Our aim is to fill this lack of information and experience with an extensive literature review, a documentation of an extended family with the polysymptomatic articular and extraarticular burdened picture of the “family hypermobility syndrome” as well as an example marked by collagen types and the electron microscopic results of operative preparations of a hypermobile premature gonarthrosis from this family. The atypical texture results of the skin confirm the overlapping nosology with the hypermobile type of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS III). The (discovered for the first time) abnormalities in the collagen pattern of the articular cartilage and meniscus confirm the hypothesis that this pathological collagen texture results in the instability and the susceptibility of the joint structures - presumably due to dominantly inherited genes of a disturbed collagen synthesis. The diagnosis of a generalised articular hypermobility ist based on the positivity of the Beighton scores, and this necessitates a clinical observation of the potentially pathological phenomen and the stigmata of the hypermobility syndrome. This and the sphere of this large, multidisciplinary and differential diagnostically relevant panorama of symptoms include episodes of synovitic irritations of the instable joints as well as their premature arthrotic degeneration, fibromyalgia, congenital or, respectively, habitual luxations, and adolescent chondropathia patellae. The extracellular results are the impact of a visceral and vascular “weak connective tissue”, facial stigmata as well as the problems of disturbed senso-motoric and psychopathological conditions.
Schlüsselwörter
Hypermobilität - Beighton-Score - Prä-Arthrose - Kollagentextur - Ehlers-Danlos-Syndrom
Key words
hypermobility - Beighton scores - pre-arthrosis - collagen pattern - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
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Prof. Dr. med. F. Schilling
Rheumatologie, Klinikum der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Privat: Hebbelstr. 20
55127 Mainz
Telefon: ++ 49/61 31/7 11 31