Zusammenfassung
Die Infektion mit humanen Papillomaviren ist mit einer Inzidenz von 50 - 80 % bei 20 - 25-Jährigen sehr häufig. Die HPV-Infektion gilt als der notwendige Risikofaktor für die Entstehung des Zervixkarzinoms, der zweithäufigsten Tumorerkrankung der Frau weltweit. Dieser Übersichtsartikel gibt einen kurzen Überblick über Grundlagen der HPV-Infektion und über Aktuelles bei Diagnostik und Prophylaxe. Für die HPV-Untersuchung gibt es bisher eine eindeutige Empfehlung bei unklaren zytologischen Abstrichergebnissen, Pap III, erstmalig Pap IIID und im Rahmen der weiteren Kontrollen nach CIN-Läsionen. Der Einsatz eines primären HPV-Screenings wird aktuell diskutiert. Derzeit läuft die Suche nach neuen spezifischen Biomarkern, die im Gegensatz zu den gängigen Testmethoden auf DNA-Basis eine prognostisch ungünstige persistierende von einer harmlosen vorübergehenden Infektion unterscheiden können. Für die Impfung gegen die häufigsten HPV-Typen 16 und 18 wurden in weltweit groß angelegten Studien positive Ergebnisse erzielt. Mit der Zulassung eines Impfstoffes wurde ein wichtiger Schritt in Richtung der Primärprävention des Zervixkarzinoms getan.
Abstract
The cumulative incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is with 50 - 80% in 20 - 25-year-old women high. The HPV-infection is causally related to cervical cancer, the second most common cancer in women worldwide. This review provides a quick overview about the principles of HPV infection and state of the art in both diagnosis and prophylaxis. There is a clear standard for HPV testing as adjunct to cytology as a triage test on cases of Pap III, first time Pap IIID and following controls after CIN lesions. At present there is a discussion on primary HPV screening. There is a lot of ongoing research to detect novel specific biomarkers, which may in contrast to the existing DNA based approach distinguish persisting infections with unfavourable prognosis from harmless transient infections. Positive results have been reported from large worldwide anti HPV-16 and 18 vaccination trials. The approval of a vaccination is an important step towards primary prevention of cervical carcinoma.
Schlüsselwörter
Zervixkarzinom - HPV‐Infektion - HPV‐Screening - HPV‐Impfung
Key words
cervical cancer - HPV‐infection - HPV‐screening - HPV‐vaccination
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Dr. Annette Bachmann
Universitäts-Frauenklinik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
Theodor-Stern-Kai 7
60590 Frankfurt
Email: astubner@web.de