Relationship between Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics and the Rate of Decline in Peak Torque during Isokinetic Knee Extension in Acute Hypoxia and Normoxia

Abstract

To investigate whether low FiO₂ affects muscle oxygenation and the rate of decline in peak torque (DR) during isokinetic knee extension, subjects performed 50 isokinetic knee extensions at 180°/s and at 0.5 Hz while inhaling low O₂ gas (12 %O₂; H) or air (N). Muscle oxygenation kinetics was assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy, and whole-body V·O₂ and HR were measured. We calculated total-, oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin/myoglobin concentrations (TotalHb/Mb, OxyHb/Mb, DeoxyHb/Mb), and the slopes of the change in OxyHb/Mb during exercise. SpO₂ decreased in H while DR and V·O₂ did not differ between the conditions. During exercise, OxyHb/Mb was lower in H than in N, and DeoxyHb/Mb was higher in H than in N. TotalHb/Mb began to increase from the resting level earlier in H. HR was higher during the latter half of the exercise in H. The slopes of the change in OxyHb/Mb were the same in the two conditions. Our results show that low FiO₂ decreases SpO₂ and muscle oxygenation during maximal isokinetic knee extension. However, low SpO₂ and muscle oxygenation did not affect the rates of decline of peak torque. These results suggest that the decline in peak torque occurs for reasons other than O₂ availability.

near‐infrared spectroscopy - oxygenation - isokinetic knee extension - hypoxia

References

• 1 Bae S Y, Hamaoka T, Katsumura T, Shiga T, Ohno H, Haga S. Comparison of muscle oxygen consumption measured by near infrared continuous wave spectroscopy during supramaximal and intermittent pedaling exercise.  Int J Sports Med. 2000;  21 168-174
• 2 Belardinelli R, Barstow T J, Porszasz J, Wasserman K. Skeletal muscle oxygenation during constant work rate exercise.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;  27 512-519
• 3 Belardinelli R, Barstow T J, Porszasz J, Wasserman K. Changes in skeletal muscle oxygenation during incremental exercise measured with near infrared spectroscopy.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1995;  70 487-492
• 4 Calbet J A, De Paz J A, Garatachea N, Cabeza de Vaca S, Chavarren J. Anaerobic energy provision does not limit Wingate exercise performance in endurance-trained cyclists.  J Appl Physiol. 2003;  94 668-676
• 5 Eiken O, Tesch P A. Effects of hyperoxia and hypoxia on dynamic and sustained static performance of the human quadriceps muscle.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1984;  122 629-633
• 6 Gerdle B, Elert J, Henriksson-Larsen K. Muscular fatigue during repeated isokinetic shoulder forward flexions in young females.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1989;  58 666-673
• 7 Hamaoka T, Iwane H, Shimomitsu T, Katsumura T, Murase N, Nishio S, Osada T, Kurosawa Y, Chance B. Noninvasive measures of oxidative metabolism on working human muscles by near-infrared spectroscopy.  J Appl Physiol. 1996;  81 1410-1417
• 8 Hogan M C, Nioka S, Brechue W F, Chance B A. ³¹P‐NMR study of tissue respiration in working dog muscle during reduced O₂ delivery conditions.  J Appl Physiol. 1992;  73 1662-1670
• 9 Hogan M C, Richardson R S, Kurdak S S. Initial fall in skeletal muscle force development during ischemia is related to oxygen availability.  J Appl Physiol. 1994;  77 2380-2384
• 10 Hogan M C, Kurdak S S, Arthur P G. Effect of gradual reduction in O₂ delivery on intracellular homeostasis in contracting skeletal muscle.  J Appl Physiol. 1996;  80 1313-1321
• 11 Homma S, Eda H, Ogasawara S, Kagaya A. Near-infrared estimation of O₂ supply and consumption in forearm muscles working at varying intensity.  J Appl Physiol. 1996;  80 1279-1284
• 12 Kavanagh M F, Jacobs I. Breath-by-breath oxygen consumption during performance of the Wingate Test.  Can J Sport Sci. 1988;  13 91-93
• 13 Koskolou M D, Calbet J A, Radegran G, Roach R C. Hypoxia and the cardiovascular response to dynamic knee-extensor exercise.  Am J Physiol. 1997;  272 H2655-H2663
• 14 Lundby C, Sander M, van Hall G, Saltin B, Calbet J A. Maximal exercise and muscle oxygen extraction in acclimatizing lowlanders and high altitude natives.  J Physiol. 2006;  573 (Pt 2) 535-547
• 15 Mancini D M, Bolinger L, Li H, Kendrick K, Chance B, Wilson J R. Validation of near-infrared spectroscopy in humans.  J Appl Physiol. 1994;  77 2740-2747
• 16 McLellan T M, Kavanagh M F, Jacobs I. The effect of hypoxia on performance during 30 s or 45 s of supramaximal exercise.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1990;  60 155-161
• 17 Nioka S, Moser D, Lech G, Evengelisti M, Verde T, Chance B, Kuno S. Muscle deoxygenation in aerobic and anaerobic exercise.  Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998;  454 63-70
• 18 Parolin M L, Chesley A, Matsos M P, Spriet L L, Jones N L, Heigenhauser G J. Regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase and PDH during maximal intermittent exercise.  Am J Physiol. 1999;  277 E890-900
• 19 Richardson R S, Noyszewski E A, Kendrick K F, Leigh J S, Wagner P D. Myoglobin O₂ desaturation during exercise.  J Clin Invest. 1995;  96 1916-1926
• 20 Richardson R S, Knight D R, Poole D C, Kurdak S S, Hogan M C, Grassi B, Wagner P D. Determinants of maximal exercise V·O₂ during single leg knee-extensor exercise in humans.  Am J Physiol. 1995;  268 H1453-H1461
• 21 Skinner M R, Marshall J M. Studies on the roles of ATP, adenosine and nitric oxide in mediating muscle vasodilatation induced in the rat by acute systemic hypoxia.  J Physiol. 1996;  495 (Pt 2) 553-560
• 22 Takano N, Inaishi S, Zhang Y. Individual differences in breathlessness during exercise, as related to ventilatory chemosensitivities in human.  J Physiol. 1997;  499 843-848
• 23 Tesch P, Sjodin B, Thorstensson A, Karlsson J. Muscle fatigue and its relation to lactate accumulation and LDH activity in man.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1978;  103 413-420
• 24 Tran T, Sailasuta N, Kreutzer U, Hurd R, Chung Y, Mole P, Kuno S, Jue T. Comparative analysis of NMR and NIRS measurements of intracellular Po₂ in human skeletal muscle.  Am J Physiol. 1999;  276 R1682-R1690
• 25 Verges S, Flore P, Favre-Juvin A, Levy P, Wuyam B. Exhaled nitric oxide during normoxic and hypoxic exercise in endurance athletes.  Acta Physiol Scand. 2005;  185 123-131
• 26 Wright J R, McCloskey D I, Fitzpatrick R C. Effects of muscle perfusion pressure on fatigue and systemic arterial pressure in human subjects.  J Appl Physiol. 1999;  86 845-851
• 27 Weil J V, Zwillich C W. Assessment of ventilatory response to hypoxia: methods and interpretation.  Chest. 1976;  70 124-128