Amebiasis

ABSTRACT

Amebiasis is an important cause of death from parasitic disease worldwide. The causative organism is Entamoeba histolytica, which has an infective cyst stage and a pathogenic and motile trophozoite stage. The clinical presentation can vary from an asymptomatic carrier state to fulminant colitis and colonic perforation. The majority of patients can be managed medically. However, a small percentage of patients require urgent exploration and resection with an associated high mortality rate. Early recognition and initiation of medical therapy including treatment of asymptomatic carriers are vital to preventing catastrophic outcomes.

Ameba - colitis - fulminant - parasite

REFERENCES

• 1 Ellyson J H, Bezmalinovic Z, Parks S N, Lewis F R. Necrotizing amebic colitis: a frequently fatal complication.  Am J Surg. 1986;  152 21-26
• 2 Saltzberg D M, Hall-Craggs M. Fulminant amebic colitis in a homosexual man.  Am J Gastroenterol. 1986;  81 209-212
• 3 Buie W. Colitides Other than Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease. American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Core Subjects 2004 Alberta, Canada;
• 4 Elsdon-Dew R. Amoebiasis: its meaning and diagnosis.  S Afr Med J. 1969;  43 483-486
• 5 Stanley Jr S L. Amoebiasis.  Lancet. 2003;  361 1025-1034
• 6 Luvuno F M, Mtshali Z, Baker L W. Vascular occlusion in the pathogenesis of complicated amoebic colitis: evidence of an hypothesis.  Br J Surg. 1985;  72 123-127
• 7 DeBakey M E, Ocshner A. Hepatic amoebiasis: a twenty year experience and analysis of 263 cases.  Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1951;  92 209-231
• 8 Abuabara S F, Barrett J A, Hau T, Jonasson O. Amebic liver abscess.  Arch Surg. 1982;  117 239-244
• 9 Campbell S. Amebic brain abscess and meningoencephalitis.  Semin Neurol. 1993;  13 153-160
• 10 O'Leary R K, Posen J. Amebiasis of the penis.  S Afr Med J. 1984;  65 113
• 11 Allason-Jones E, Mindel A, Sargeaunt P, Williams P. Entamoeba histolytica as a commensal intestinal parasite in homosexual men.  N Engl J Med. 1986;  315 353-356
• 12 Keystone J S, Keystone D L, Proctor E M. Intestinal parasitic infections in homosexual men: prevalence, symptoms, and factors in transmission.  Can Med Assoc J. 1980;  123 512-514
• 13 Phillips S C, Mildvan D, William D C, Gelb A M, White M C. Sexual transmission of enteric protozoa and helminths in a venereal-disease-clinic population.  N Engl J Med. 1981;  305 603-606
• 14 Acuna-Soto R, Maguire J H, Wirth D F. Gender distribution in asymptomatic and invasive amebiasis.  Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;  95 1277-1283
• 15 Patterson M, Schoppe L E. The presentation of amoebiasis.  Med Clin North Am. 1982;  66 689-705
• 16 Lewis E A, Antia A U. Amoebic colitis: review of 295 cases.  Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1969;  63 633-638
• 17 Adams E B, Macleod I N. Invasive amoebiasis: amebic dysentery and its complications.  Medicine (Baltimore). 1977;  56 315-324
• 18 Wruble L D, Duckworth J K, Duke D D, Rothschild J A. Toxic dilatation of the colon in a case of amebiasis.  N Engl J Med. 1966;  275 926-928
• 19 Barnes P F, DeCock K M, Reynolds T N, Ralls P W. A comparison of pyogenic and amebic abscess of the liver.  Medicine (Baltimore). 1987;  66 472-483
• 20 Kimura K, Stoopen M, Reeder M M, Moncada R. Amebiasis: modern diagnostic imaging with pathological and clinical correlation.  Semin Roentgenol. 1997;  32 250-275
• 21 Krupp I M. Antibody response in intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis.  Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1970;  19 57-62
• 22 Nwafo D C, Egbue M O. Intrathoracic manifestations of amebiasis.  Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1981;  63 126-128
• 23 Ibarra-Perez C. Thoracic complications of amebic abscess of the liver. Report of 501 cases.  Chest. 1981;  79 672-677
• 24 Eggleston F C, Handa A K, Verghese M. Amebic peritonitis secondary to amebic liver abscess.  Surgery. 1982;  91 46-48
• 25 Heinz K P. Amebic infection of the female genital tract: a report of three cases.  S Afr Med J. 1973;  47 1795-1798
• 26 Healy G R. Laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis.  Bull NY Acad Med. 1971;  47 478-493
• 27 Patterson M, Healy G R, Shabot J M. Serologic testing for amoebiasis.  Gastroenterology. 1980;  78 136-141
• 28 Powell S J, Wilmot A J, Elsdon-Dew R. Single and low dosage regimens of metronidazole in amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscess.  Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1969;  63 139-142
• 29 Pehrson P O, Bengrsson E. A long-term follow-up study of amoebiasis treated with metronidazole.  Scand J Infect Dis. 1984;  16 195-198
• 30 Aristizabal H, Acevedo J, Botero M. Fulminant amebic colitis.  World J Surg. 1991;  15 216-221
• 31 Vajrabukka T, Dhitavat A, Kichananata B, Sukonthamad Y, Tanphiphat C, Vonviriyathams S. Fulminating amebic colitis: a clinical evaluation.  Br J Surg. 1979;  66 630-632
• 32 Elhence I P, Agrawal B M, Sharma B D. Amebic necrosis of bowel.  Int Surg. 1979;  64 57-61
• 33 Chen W J, Chen K M, Lin M. Colon perforation in amebiasis.  Arch Surg. 1971;  103 676-680
• 34 Wig J D, Kaushik S P, Saleem M A, Srinath B S, Datta B N, Talwar B L. Amebic perforation of the colon.  Int Surg. 1982;  67 486-487
• 35 Giacchino J L, Pickleman J, Bartizal J F, Banich F E. The therapeutic dilemma of acute amebic and ulcerative colitis.  Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1978;  146 599-603
• 36 Stein D, Bank S, Louw J H. Fulminating amebic colitis.  Surgery. 1979;  85 349-352
• 37 Thuse M G. Fatal intestinal amebiasis.  Postgrad Med J. 1979;  55 548-552
• 38 Hadley G P, Mickel R E. Fulminating amebic colitis in infants and children.  J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1984;  29 370-372
• 39 Greenstein A J, Grenstein R J, Sachar D B. Toxic dilatation in amebic colitis: successful treatment without colectomy.  Am J Surg. 1980;  139 456-458
• 40 Luvsno F M. Role of intraoperative prograde colonic lavage and decompressive loop ileostomy in the management of transmural amoebic colitis.  Br J Surg. 1990;  77 156-159
• 41 Zafar A, Ahmed S. Amoebic liver abscess: a comparative study of needle aspiration versus conservative treatment.  J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2002;  14 10-12
• 42 Meng X Y, Wu J X. Perforated amebic liver abscess: clinical analysis of 110 cases.  South Med J. 1994;  87 985-990