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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-970587
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Myopathien im Kindesalter - Evaluation mittels Kernspintomografie der Muskulatur
Muscular Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluation of Myopathies in ChildrenPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
21. Dezember 2007 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Kindlichen Muskelerkrankungen liegt ein breites differenzialdiagnostisches Spektrum zugrunde, zu dessen endgültiger Klärung eine Muskelbiopsie notwendig werden kann. Als nicht-invasive Methode ist die Muskel-MRT in der Abklärung adulter Myopathien etabliert; die MRT vermag hier diagnostische Hinweise zu geben, optimale Biopsieorte festzulegen und Therapiekontrollen zu ermöglichen. Zunehmend findet die Methode Anwendung in der Abklärung pädiatrischer Muskelerkrankungen, vor allem der Dystrophien und Myositiden. Die vorlie-gende Arbeit soll den Einsatz der Muskel-MRT an exemplarischen Befunden illustrieren und ihren Einsatz bei unklaren Muskelerkrankungen im Kindesalter propagieren.
Patienten/Methode: Von 1999 bis 2006 wur-den 180 Kinder im Alter von 10 Monaten bis 18 Jahren mit ätiologisch unklaren Myopathien mit einem standardisierten MRT-Protokoll (axiale T1-gewichtete SE- und T2-gewichtete TIRM-Sequenzen) untersucht. Die Darstellung beschränkte sich in der Regel auf die Becken-, Oberschenkel- und Unterschenkelmuskeln, wobei die Schultergürtelmuskulatur nur in Ausnahmefällen untersucht wurde. Auch Kontrastmittel wurde nur ausnahmsweise appliziert.
Ergebnisse: Sämtliche MRT-Untersuchungen konnten problemlos ohne Sedierung durchgeführt werden, wobei die Gesamtuntersuchungs-zeit 12-15 Minuten betrug. Die dargestellten Fälle von Gliedergürteldystrophie, Duchenne-Muskeldystrophie, Dermatomyositis und Pyo-myositis sowie chronisch neurogener Erkrankung mit sekundärer Myopathie zeigten allesamt charakteristische MRT-Befunde, die wesentlich zur Diagnosesicherung beitragen konnten.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Muskel-MRT kann in der Hand des erfahrenen Untersuchers als nicht-invasives bildgebendes Verfahren effektiv zur diagnostischen Sicherung ätiologisch unklarer pädiatrischer Muskelerkrankungen beitragen und die Auswahl geeigneter Biopsieorte erleichtern. Sie liefert zudem wertvolle Beiträge zur Verlaufsbeobachtung und kann auch bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern mit vertretbarem Zeitaufwand ohne Sedierung angewandt werden.
Abstract
Background: Myopathies present with a broad diagnostic spectrum which may ultimately require muscle biopsy. MRI has been established as a non-invasive method in diagnosing adult myopathies; not only does MRI reveal characteristic findings which point in a diagnostic direction, but also aids in determining optimal biopsy sites and controlling therapeutic interventions. Muscle MRI is increasingly finding application to pediatric myopathies, especially dystrophies and myositides. The following paper serves to illustrate the use of MRI using exemplary clinical vignettes.
Patients/Methods: From 1999 until 2006, 180 children with myopathies of unknown aetiology, ages 10 months to 18 years, were examined with a standardised MRI protocol (axial T1-SE and T2-weigted TIRM sequences). The protocol included imaging of the lower extremities whereas sequences displaying the upper extremities were only acquired in selected patients. Furthermore, intravenous contrast agent was only administered in selected children.
Results: All investigations could be performed without sedation due to an examination time of 12 to 15 minutes. The illustrated cases of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, dermatomyositis, pyomyositis, and chronic neurogenic disease with secondary myopathy all showed disease-characteristic MRI patterns which substantially helped to reach the ultimate diagnosis.
Conclusions: Muscle MRI is a non-invasive and effective instrument in helping to diagnose pediatric myopathies of unknown aetiology. It may facilitate muscle biopsy and serves to control therapeutical effects and disease course. Furthermore, muscle MRI may be applicated even to children of less than 4 years of age without sedation.
Schlüsselwörter
Kernspintomografie - Muskulatur - Kinder - Dystrophie - Dermatomyositis
Key words
Magnetic resonance imaging - muscular - children - dystrophy - dermatomyositis
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Korrespondenzadresse
Dr. C. M. Heyer
Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie, Interventionelle Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin
BG Kliniken Bergmannsheil
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1
44789 Bochum
Telefon: +49/234 302-6465
Fax: +49/234/302 63 58
eMail: christoph.heyer@rub.de