Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel wird die gegenwärtige Rolle von Topiramat (TPM) bei der Behandlung verschiedener Anfallsarten und Epilepsiesyndrome diskutiert. Dabei werden Daten zu TPM aus randomisierten, doppelblinden klinischen Prüfungen wie auch offenen, nichtinterventionellen Studien im Hinblick auf die Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie analysiert, die TPM als ein Mittel der ersten Wahl für die Behandlung fokaler wie auch idiopathisch generalisierter Epilepsien empfehlen. In randomisierten Monotherapiestudien wurden Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit einer niedrig dosierten TPM-Monotherapie in der Behandlung sowohl fokaler als auch generalisierter Epilepsien und verschiedener Anfallstypen des Lennox-Gastaut-Syndroms belegt. Diese breite Wirksamkeit wurde als wichtig gerade bei der Behandlung von Patienten angesehen, bei denen Anfallstyp oder Epilepsiesyndrom noch nicht klar definiert sind. Es zeigte sich, dass eine initiale Zieldosierung von 100 mg effektiv und verträglich ist. Studien, die ältere Patienten eingeschlossen haben, weisen darauf hin, dass auch niedrigere Dosen ab 50 - 75 mg/Tag für eine initiale Therapie ausreichen können. TPM ist eine gute Option auch für ältere Patienten. Die Verträglichkeit war bei Kombinationstherapie mit hohen TPM-Dosen problematisch, unter niedrigen Dosierungen hat sich die Nebenwirkungsrate deutlich reduziert.
Abstract
The current role of topiramate (TPM) in the treatment of epilepsy is described in this article. Data from randomized, double blind, controlled clinical trials are presented together with those from open label, non-interventional studies and interpreted in the context of the guidelines of the German Neurological Society (DGN). TPM is approved in Germany as a monotherapy for epilepsy in adults and children aged 2 and above since 2001. The guidelines of the DGN for the treatment of the first seizure list TPM as a therapy of choice for partial and idiopathic generalized epilepsy. The effectiveness and tolerability were to be considered high based on results of several randomised controlled studies for the treatment of partial epilepsy, generalised tonic-clonic seizures as well as various seizure types in the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The broad efficacy was regarded as especially advantageous due to the fact, that early in the treatment seizure type or epilepsy syndrome may be ambiguous. An initial target dose of 100 mg TPM is effective and well tolerated. Several studies including recent onset epilepsy in the elderly as well as elderly patients with epilepsy suggest that even lower doses, e. g. 50 - 75 mg/day can be sufficient to achieve seizure control with good tolerability. Tolerability had been an issue in early trials using high doses of TPM, however, with the use of lower doses, especially in monotherapy, the side effect profile has become favorable which was shown in controlled trials and is reflected in daily clinical routine as well.
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Dr. med. C. Kurth
Epilepsiezentrum Kork
Landstr. 1
77694 Kehl-Kork
eMail: ckurth@epilepsiezentrum.de