Literatur
-
1
Paeslack V.
25 years Heidelberg Rehabilitation Center for Spinal Cord Injuries - retrospect and prospects.
Rehabilitation (Stuttg).
1992;
31
138-142
-
2
De Vivo M J, Stover S L, Black K J.
Prognostic factors for 12-year survival after spinal cord injury.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
1992;
73
156-162
-
3
Wahle H.
10-year follow-up of occupational integration of 50 patients with complete paraplegia.
Rehabilitation (Stuttg).
1990;
29
112-120
-
4
Guttmann F L, Whitteridge D.
Effects of bladder distension on autonomic mechanisms after spinal cord injury.
Brain.
1947;
20
361-404
-
5
Krassioukov A V, Furlan J C, Fehlings M G.
Autonomic dysreflexia in acute spinal cord injury: an under-recognized clinical entity.
J Neurotrauma.
2003;
20
707-716
-
6
Finestone H M, Teasell R W.
Autonomic dysreflexia after brainstem tumor resection. A case report.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil.
1993;
72
395-397
-
7
Sandel M E, Abrams P L, Horn L J.
Hypertension after brain injury: case report.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
1986;
67
469-472
-
8
Lindan R. et al .
Incidence and clinical features of autonomic dysreflexia in patients with spinal cord injury.
Paraplegia.
1980;
18
285-292
-
9
Thyberg M. et al .
Effect of nifedipine on cystometry-induced elevation of blood pressure in patients with a reflex urinary bladder after a high level spinal cord injury.
Paraplegia.
1994;
32
308-313
-
10
Helkowski W M, Ditunno Jr J F, Boninger M.
Autonomic dysreflexia: incidence in persons with neurologically complete and incomplete tetraplegia.
J Spinal Cord Med.
2003;
26
244-247
-
11
Aito S.
Complications during the acute phase of traumatic spinal cord lesions.
Spinal Cord.
2003;
41
629-635
-
12
Curt A. et al .
Assessment of autonomic dysreflexia in patients with spinal cord injury.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
1997;
62
473-477
-
13
Schurch B, Knapp P A, Rossier A B.
Autonomic hyperreflexia revisited.
Urol Int.
1997;
58
148-152
-
14
Karlsson A K.
Autonomic dysreflexia.
Spinal Cord.
1999;
37
383-391
-
15
Blackmer J.
Rehabilitation medicine: 1. Autonomic dysreflexia.
Cmaj.
2003;
169
931-935
-
16
Kewalramani L S.
Autonomic dysreflexia in traumatic myelopathy.
Am J Phys Med.
1980;
59
1-21
-
17
Kursh E D, Freehafer A, Persky L.
Complications of autonomic dysreflexia.
J Urol.
1977;
118
70-72
-
18
Guttmann L, Frankel H L, Paeslack V.
Cardiac irregularities during labour in paraplegic women.
Paraplegia.
1965;
3
144-151
-
19
Forrest G P.
Atrial fibrillation associated with autonomic dysreflexia in patients with tetraplegia.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
1991;
72
592-594
-
20
Pine Z M, Miller S D, Alonso J A.
Atrial fibrillation associated with autonomic dysreflexia.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil.
1991;
70
271-273
-
21
Karlsson A K. et al .
Regional sympathetic function in high spinal cord injury during mental stress and autonomic dysreflexia.
Brain.
1998;
121
1711-1719
-
22
Naftchi N E.
Mechanism of autonomic dysreflexia. Contributions of catecholamine and peptide neurotransmitters.
Ann NY Acad Sci.
1990;
579
133-148
-
23
Mathias C J. et al .
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase release during hypertension from sympathetic nervous overactivity in man.
Cardiovasc Res.
1976;
10
176-181
-
24
Chiou-Tan F Y, Robertson C S, Chiou G C.
Catecholamine assays in a rat model for autonomic dysreflexia.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
1998;
79
402-404
-
25
Zhou G C. et al .
The determination of vasoactive substances during autonomic dysreflexia.
Spinal Cord.
1997;
35
390-393
-
26
Lee B Y. et al .
Autonomic dysreflexia revisited.
J Spinal Cord Med.
1995;
18
75-87
-
27
Manger W M, Davis S W, Chu D S.
Autonomic hyperreflexia and its differentiation from pheochromocytoma.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
1979;
60
159-161
-
28
Shapiro B, Fig L M.
Management of pheochromocytoma.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am.
1989;
18
443-481
-
29
Bravo E L. et al .
Clonidine-suppression test: a useful aid in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
N Engl J Med.
1981;
305
623-626
-
30
Schurch B, Yasuda K, Rossier A B.
Detrusor bladder neck dyssynergia revisited.
J Urol.
1994;
152
2066-2070
-
31
Giannantoni A. et al .
Autonomic dysreflexia during urodynamics.
Spinal Cord.
1998;
36
756-760
-
32
Dunn K L.
Autonomic dysreflexia: a nursing challenge in the care of the patient with a spinal cord injury.
J Cardiovasc Nurs.
1991;
5
57-64
-
33
McGuire T J, Kumar V N.
Autonomic dysreflexia in the spinal cord-injured. What the physician should know about this medical emergency.
Postgrad Med.
1986;
80
81-84, 89
-
34
Gerber J G. et al .
The antihypertensive efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide is not prostacyclin dependent.
Clin Pharmacol Ther.
1990;
48
424-430
-
35
Braddom R L, Rocco J F.
Autonomic dysreflexia. A survey of current treatment.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil.
1991;
70
234-241
-
36 Anton H A, Townson A A, Strong G F. Consortion for Spinal Cord Medicine .Acute management of autonomic dysreflexia individuals with spinal cord injury presenting to health care facilities (clinical practice guideline). Washington; T.C.P.V.o.A.n. ed, Editor 2001
-
37
Anton H A, Townson A.
Drug therapy for autonomic dysreflexia.
Cmaj.
2004;
170
1210; author reply 1210
-
38
Esmail Z. et al .
Evaluation of captopril for the management of hypertension in autonomic dysreflexia: a pilot study.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
2002;
83
604-608
-
39
Colachis 3rd
S C.
Autonomic hyperreflexia with spinal cord injury.
J Am Paraplegia Soc.
1992;
15
171-186
-
40
Barton C H. et al .
The effect of modified transurethral sphincterotomy on autonomic dysreflexia.
J Urol.
1986;
135
83-85
-
41
Perkash I.
Transurethral sphincterotomy provides significant relief in autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord injured male patients: long-term follow-up results.
J Urol.
2007;
177
1026-1029
-
42
Schurch B. et al .
Botulinum-A toxin as a treatment of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia: a prospective study in 24 spinal cord injury patients.
J Urol.
1996;
155
1023-1029
-
43
Schurch B.
Botulinum toxin for the management of bladder dysfunction.
Drugs.
2006;
66
1301-1318
-
44
Schurch B. et al .
Botulinum toxin type a is a safe and effective treatment for neurogenic urinary incontinence: results of a single treatment, randomized, placebo controlled 6-month study.
J Urol.
2005;
174
196-200
-
45
Schurch B. et al .
Botulinum-A toxin for treating detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injured patients: a new alternative to anticholinergic drugs? Preliminary results.
J Urol.
2000;
164
692-697
-
46
Brindley G S.
The first 500 patients with sacral anterior root stimulator implants: general description.
Paraplegia.
1994;
32
795-805
-
47
Rossier A B. et al .
Posttraumatic cervical syringomyelia. Incidence, clinical presentation, electrophysioogical studies, syrinx protein and results of conservative and operative treatment.
Brain.
1985;
108
439-461
-
48
el Masry W S, Biyani A.
Incidence, management, and outcome of post-traumatic syringomyelia. In memory of Mr Bernard Williams.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
1996;
60
141-146
-
49
Schurch B, Wichmann W, Rossier A B.
Post-traumatic syringomyelia (cystic myelopathy): a prospective study of 449 patients with spinal cord injury.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
1996;
60
61-67
-
50
Sgouros S, Williams B.
Management and outcome of posttraumatic syringomyelia.
J Neurosurg.
1996;
85
197-205
-
51
Strümpell A.
Beiträge zur Pathologie des Rückenmarks.
Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr.
1880;
10
676-717
-
52 Schurch B, Dietz V. Postraumatische Syringomyelie, in Klinik der Rückenmarkschädigung. Stuttgart; Kohlhammer 2001: 248-253
-
53
Wang D. et al .
A clinical magnetic resonance imaging study of the traumatised spinal cord more than 20 years following injury.
Paraplegia.
1996;
34
65-81
-
54
Perrouin-Verbe B. et al .
Post-traumatic syringomyelia and post-traumatic spinal canal stenosis: a direct relationship: review of 75 patients with a spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord.
1998;
36
137-143
-
55
Kakulas B A.
The clinical neuropathology of spinal cord injury. A guide to the future.
Paraplegia.
1987;
25
212-216
-
56
Madsen 3rd
P W, Yezierski R P, Holets V R.
Syringomyelia: clinical observations and experimental studies.
J Neurotrauma.
1994;
11
241-254
-
57
Williams B.
Pathogenesis of post-traumatic syringomyelia.
Br J Neurosurg.
1992;
6
517-520
-
58
Oldfield E H. et al .
Pathophysiology of syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation of the cerebellar tonsils. Implications for diagnosis and treatment.
J Neurosurg.
1994;
80
3-15
-
59
Tator C H, Briceno C.
Treatment of syringomyelia with a syringosubarachnoid shunt.
Can J Neurol Sci.
1988;
15
48-57
-
60
Milhorat T H. et al .
Pathological basis of spinal cord cavitation in syringomyelia: analysis of 105 autopsy cases.
J Neurosurg.
1995;
82
802-812
-
61
Qiu Y. et al .
Radiologic presentations in relation to curve severity in scoliosis associated with syringomyelia.
Stud Health Technol Inform.
2006;
123
543-548
-
62
Brodbelt A R. et al .
The role of excitotoxic injury in post-traumatic syringomyelia.
J Neurotrauma.
2003;
20
883-893
-
63
Shannon N. et al .
Clinical features, investigation and treatment of post-traumatic syringomyelia.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
1981;
44
35-42
-
64
Reddy K K, Del Bigio M R, Sutherland G R.
Ultrastructure of the human posttraumatic syrinx.
J Neurosurg.
1989;
71
239-243
-
65
Qiu Y. et al .
Clinical manifestations and significance of post-traumatic thoracolumbar syringomyelia.
Chin J Traumatol.
2004;
7
52-55
-
66
Backe H A. et al .
Post-traumatic spinal cord cysts evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging.
Paraplegia.
1991;
29
607-612
-
67
Modic M T. et al .
Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine: technical and clinical observations.
AJR Am J Roentgenol.
1983;
141
1129-1136
-
68
Freund M. et al .
Posttraumatic syringomyelia: volumetric phantom and patient studies using MR imaging.
Eur Radiol.
2002;
12
2965-2972
-
69
Lee T T. et al .
Outcome after surgical treatment of progressive posttraumatic cystic myelopathy.
J Neurosurg.
2000;
92, 2 Suppl
149-154
-
70
Quencer R M. et al .
Intraoperative sonography in spinal dysraphism and syringohydromyelia.
AJR Am J Roentgenol.
1987;
148
1005-1013
-
71
Tobimatsu Y. et al .
A quantitative analysis of cerebrospinal fluid flow in post-traumatic syringomyelia.
Paraplegia.
1995;
33
203-207
-
72
Benedetto M D, Rossier A B.
Electrodiagnosis in post-traumatic syringomyelia.
Paraplegia.
1977;
14
2862-2895
-
73
Peerless S J, Durward Q J.
Management of syringomyelia: a pathophysiological approach.
Clin Neurosurg.
1983;
30
531-576
-
74
Biyani A, el Masry W S.
Post-traumatic syringomyelia: a review of the literature.
Paraplegia.
1994;
32
723-731
-
75
Abel R. et al .
Residual deformity of the spinal canal in patients with traumatic paraplegia and secondary changes of the spinal cord.
Spinal Cord.
1999;
37
14-19
-
76
Falci S P. et al .
Surgical treatment of posttraumatic cystic and tethered spinal cords.
J Spinal Cord Med.
1999;
22
173-181
-
77
Heuck F, Euchenhofer M.
X-ray findings of paraosteoarthropathy during intensive care treatment after intoxication (author's transl).
Radiologe.
1974;
14
470-477
-
78
Benassy J. et al .
Ostéomes des paraplégiques.
Presse médicale.
1960;
68
811-814
-
79
Furman R, Nicholas J J, Jivoff L.
Elevation of the serum alkaline phosphatase coincident with ectopic-bone formation in paraplegic patients.
J Bone Joint Surg Am.
1970;
52
1131-1137
-
80
Garland D E.
Surgical approaches for resection of heterotopic ossification in traumatic brain-injured adults.
Clin Orthop Relat Res.
1991;
263
59-70
-
81
Stover S L, Niemann K M, Tulloss J R.
Experience with surgical resection of heterotopic bone in spinal cord injury patients.
Clin Orthop Relat Res.
1991;
263
71-77
-
82
Schurch B. et al .
Prostaglandin E2 measurements: their value in the early diagnosis of heterotopic ossification in spinal cord injury patients.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
1997;
78
687-691
-
83
Bergmann P. et al .
Longitudinal study of calcium and bone metabolism in paraplegic patients.
Paraplegia.
1977;
15
147-159
-
84
Rossier A B. et al .
Current facts of para-osteo-arthropathy (POA).
Paraplegia.
1973;
11
38-78
-
85
Chantraine A.
Clinical investigation of bone metabolism in spinal cord lesions.
Paraplegia.
1971;
8
253-259
-
86
High W B.
Effects of orally administered prostaglandin E-2 on cortical bone turnover in adult dogs: a histomorphometric study.
Bone.
1987;
8
363-373
-
87
Jee W S. et al .
The role of bone cells in increasing metaphyseal hard tissue in rapidly growing rats treated with prostaglandin E2.
Bone.
1987;
8
171-178
-
88
Kozawa O. et al .
Cross-talk regulation between cyclic AMP production and phosphoinositide hydrolysis induced by prostaglandin E2 in osteoblast-like cells.
Exp Cell Res.
1992;
198
130-134
-
89
Rahman S. et al .
Bradykinin stimulates the production of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-6 in human osteoblast-like cells.
Biochim Biophys Acta.
1992;
1135
97-102
-
90
Harada S. et al .
Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression by prostaglandin E2 and E1 in osteoblasts.
J Clin Invest.
1994;
93
2490-2496
-
91
Tokuda H. et al .
Intracellular signaling mechanism of bradykinin in osteoblast-like cells: comparison with prostaglandin E2.
Endocr J.
1994;
41
189-195
-
92
Singh R S. et al .
The predictive value of creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase in identification of heterotopic ossification in patients after spinal cord injury.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
2003;
84
1584-1588
-
93
Welch K M, Goldberg D M.
Serum creatine phosphokinase in motor neuron disease.
Neurology.
1972;
22
697-701
-
94
Sherman A L. et al .
The value of serum creatine kinase in early diagnosis of heterotopic ossification.
J Spinal Cord Med.
2003;
26
227-230
-
95
Freed J H. et al .
The use of the three-phase bone scan in the early diagnosis of heterotopic ossification (HO) and in the evaluation of Didronel therapy.
Paraplegia.
1982;
20
208-216
-
96
Tanaka T. et al .
Quantitative assessment of para-osteo-arthropathy and its maturation on serial radionuclide bone images.
Radiology.
1977;
123
217-221
-
97
Ahrengart L, Lindgren U, Reinholt F P.
Comparative study of the effects of radiation, indomethacin, prednisolone, and ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) in the prevention of ectopic bone formation.
Clin Orthop Relat Res.
1988;
229
265-273
-
98
Sautter-Bihl M L, Liebermeister E, Nanassy A.
Radiotherapy as a local treatment option for heterotopic ossifications in patients with spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord.
2000;
38
33-36
-
99
Meiners T. et al .
Resection of heterotopic ossification of the hip in spinal cord injured patients.
Spinal Cord.
1997;
35
443-445
-
100
Tow A P, Kong K H.
Prolonged fever and heterotopic ossification in a C4 tetraplegic patient. Case report.
Paraplegia.
1995;
33
170-174
-
101
Kirshblum S C. et al .
Spinal cord injury medicine. 3. Rehabilitation phase after acute spinal cord injury.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
2007;
88, 3 Suppl 1
S62-70
-
102
Garland D E, Orwin J F.
Resection of heterotopic ossification in patients with spinal cord injuries.
Clin Orthop Relat Res.
1989;
242
169-176
Prof. Dr. B. Schurch
Paraplegikerzentrum, Universitätsklinik Balgrist
Forchstr. 340
8008 Zürich, Schweiz
eMail: bschurch@paralab.balgrist.ch