Zusammenfassung
Die Darstellung der Koronararterien mit nichtinvasiven Verfahren (so genannte „nichtinvasive
Koronarangiographie”) ist wegen der kleinen Abmessungen und der schnellen Bewegung
der Koronargefäße technisch schwierig. Mit der Echokardiographie gelingt die Visualisierung
der Koronararterien nur abschnittsweise. Mittels Kernspintomographie lassen sich die
Herzkranzgefäße zwar darstellen, Ortsauflösung und Bildqualität gestatten aber die
zuverlässige Detektion von Koronarstenosen derzeit nicht. Lediglich zur Diagnostik
von Koronaranomalien spielt die Kernspintomographie eine gewisse Rolle. Die Mehrzeilen-Computertomographie
hingegen erlaubt bei Anwendung neuester Gerätetechnik, ausreichender Erfahrung und
einer gewissen Selektion und Vorbereitung der Patienten eine recht zuverlässige Darstellung
der Koronararterien. Stenosen lassen sich mit hoher Sensitivität und Spezifität und
insbesondere mit einem hohen negativ-prädiktiven Wert detektieren. Daher beginnt sich
die CT-Koronarangiographie als klinisches Verfahren bei derzeit noch streng selektierten
Patienten zu etablieren. Anwendungen sind am sinnvollsten im Bereich der „Ausschlussdiagnostik”
bei niedriger bis intermediärer prä-Test Wahrscheinlichkeit, um eine ansonsten notwendige
invasive Koronarangiographie zu vermeiden.
Summary
Non-invasive visualization of the coronary arteries is technically challenging because
of the small dimensions and rapid motion of the coronary vessels. Echocardiography
only allows assessment of very short coronary segments. Magnetic resonance imaging
has been proposed for coronary imaging, but limitations especially of spatial resolution
prevent routine clinical applications, with the possible exception of its use in patients
with suspected coronary anomalies. Recent generations of multi-detector computed tomography
(MDCT) scanners, on the other hand, allow increasingly accurate visualization of the
coronary arteries. With the prerequesite of appropriate patient selection and preparation,
high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of coronary artery stenoses can
be achieved. Numerous studies have demonstrated highly negative predictive values
to rule out coronary stenoses, which makes CT coronary angiography potentially useful
specially in the setting of low to intermediate likelihood of coronary artery disease.
A CT coronary angiogram that clearly demonstrates absence of stenoses may in this
situation help avoid „negative” invasive coronary angiograms.
Schlüsselwörter
Koronarangiographie - Koronararterien - koronare Herzkrankheit - Computertomographie
- Kernspintomographie - Bildgebung
Key words
coronary angiography - coronary arteries - coronary artery disease - computed tomography
- magnetic resonance imaging - imaging
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Prof. Dr. S. Achenbach
Medizinische Klinik 2, (Kardiologie und Angiologie), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
Ulmenweg 18
91054 Erlangen
eMail: stephan.achenbach@med2.med.uni-erlangen.de