Responses of Photosynthetic and Defence Systems to High Temperature Stress in Quercus suber L. Seedlings Grown under Elevated CO₂

Abstract

Growth in elevated CO² led to an increase in biomass production per plant as a result of enhanced carbon uptake and lower rates of respiration, compared to ambient CO₂-grown plants. No down-regulation of photosynthesis was found after six months of growth under elevated CO₂. Photosynthetic rates at 15°C or 35°C were also higher in elevated than in ambient CO₂-grown plants, when measured at their respective CO₂ growth condition. Stomata of elevated CO₂-grown plants were less responsive to temperature as compared to ambient CO₂ plants. The after effect of a heat-shock treatment (4h at 45°C in a chamber with 80% of relative humidity and 800-1000 µmol m^-2 s^-1 photon flux density) on A_max was less in elevated than in ambient CO₂-grown plants. At the photochemical level, the negative effect of the heat-shock treatment was slightly more pronounced in ambient than in elevated CO₂-grown plants. A greater tolerance to oxidative stress caused by high temperatures in elevated CO₂-grown plants, in comparison to ambient CO₂ plants, is suggested by the increase in superoxide dismutase activity, after 1 h at 45°C, as well as its relatively high activity after 2 and 4 h of the heat shock in the elevated CO₂-grown plants in contrast with the decrease to residual levels of superoxide dismutase activity in ambient CO₂-grown plants immediately after 1 h at 45°C The observed increase in catalase after 1 h at 45°C in both ambient and elevated CO₂-grown plants, can be ascribed to the higher rates of photorespiration and respiration under this high temperature.

Catalase - elevated CO₂ - photosynthesis - Quercus suber L. - superoxide dismutase - temperature