Indirect Calorimetry: Variability of Consecutive Baseline Determinations of Carbohydrate and Fat Utilization from Gas Exchange Measurements

During the past years, substantial methodological and interpretational limitations of indirect calorimetry, particularly concerning fuel utilisation, have been discussed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate short-time intraindividual variability of two consecutive gas exchange measurement series and of calculated data on total energy expenditure/24 h and carbohydrate and fat utilisation. 24 healthy volunteers (16 f, 8 m, 34.7 ± 13.1 yrs) were admitted to the study. Trials were performed supine after an 12 h overnight fast. After a resting period of 30 - 45 min and following equilibration of respiratory values for at least 10 min prior to the test, indirect calorimetry measurements were performed using the Sensor-Medics 2.900 device (canopy). Two measurements series lasting up to 30 min each were performed 15 - 20 min apart. Total energy production/24 h as well as that obtained from carbohydrate and fat utilisation were calculated in both measurement series. Protein utilisation was derived from estimated urinary 24 h nitrogen excretion. O₂-consumption, CO₂-production, the respiratory quotient and total energy production/24 h show acceptable mean coefficients of variation of 3.7%, 4.6%, 3.5% and 3.6%, respectively. In contrast, carbohydrate and fat utilisation values demonstrate a coefficient of variation of 21.2% and 17.4%, respectively, suggesting considerable impression of estimates of fuel utilisation by indirect calorimetry. We conclude that for research purposes, particularly over short-time periods, indirect calorimetry provides sufficient accuracy only in estimating total resting energy production, while considerable uncertainty exists in using this method to assess carbohydrate and fat utilisation.

 

Indirect calorimetry - carbohydrate utilization - fat utilization - method evaluation