Diabetische Nephropathie

Schlüsselwörter

Diabetische Nephropathie - Kardiovaskuläres Risiko - Nierenersatztherapie - Multifaktorieller Ansatz - RAAS-Hemmung - Insulintherapie

Key words

diabetic nephropathy - kidney replacement therapy - cardiovascular risk - multifactorial intervention - RAAS-Inhibition - insulin therapy

Literatur

• 1 Basi S, Lewis J B. Microalbuminuria as a target to improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes.  Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;  47 927-946
• 2 Casas J P, Chua W, Loukogeorgakis S, Vallance P. et al . Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes.  Lancet. 2005;  366 2026-2033
• 3 Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S. et al. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group . MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.  Lancet. 2003;  361 2005-2016
• 4 Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N. et al . Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.  N Engl J Med. 2003;  348 383-393
• 5 Haller H, Viberti G C, Mimran A. et al . Preventing microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes: rationale and design of the Randomised Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention (ROADMAP) study.  J Hypertens. 2006;  24 403
• 6 MacKinnon M, Shurraw S, Akbari A. et al . Combination therapy with an angiotensin receptor blocker and an ACE inhibitor in proteinuric renal disease: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety data.  Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;  48 8-20
• 7 Mogensen C E. Combined high blood pressure and glucose in type 2 diabetes: double jeopardy. British trial shows clear effects of treatment, especially blood pressure reduction.  BMJ. 1998;  317 693-694
• 8 National Kidney Foundation . K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease. evaluation, classification stratification.  Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;  (2 Suppl 1) 39 S1-266
• 9 Parving H H, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J. et al. Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Study Group . The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.  N Engl J Med. 2001;  345 870-878
• 10 Praxis Leitlinien der Deutschen Diabetes-Gesellschaft (DDG) . Diabetische Nephropathie.  Diabetes und Stoffwechsel. 2002;  (Suppl 2) 17-19
• 11 Rachmani R, Levi Z, Lidar M. et al . Considerations about the threshold value of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus: lessons from an 8-year follow-up study of 599 patients.  Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2000;  49 187-194
• 12 Ritz E, Dikow R. Hypertension and antihypertensive treatment of diabetic nephropathy.  Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2006;  2 562-567
• 13 Ritz E, Orth S R. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Review: No abstract available).  N Engl J Med. 1999;  341 1127-1133
• 14 Ritz E, Schwenger V. Lifestyle modification and progressive renal failure.  Nephrology (Carlton). 2005;  10 387-392
• 15 Rossing P, Parving H H, de Zeeuw D. Renoprotection by blocking the RAAS in diabetic nephropathy - fact or fiction?.  Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;  21 2354-2357
• 16 Skrivarhaug T, Bangstad H J, Stene L C, Sandvik L, Hanssen K F, Joner G. Low risk of overt nephropathy after 24 yr of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Norway.  Pediatr Diabetes. 2006;  7 239-246
• 17 The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial . Retinopathy and Nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy.  N Engl J Med. 2000;  342 381-389
• 18 Toeller M, Buyken A, Heitkamp G. et al . Protein intake and urinary albumin excretion rates in the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study.  Diabetologia. 1997;  40 1219-1226
• 19 UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group . Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33).  Lancet. 1998;  352 837
• 20 Wanner C, Krane V, Marz W. et al. Deutsche Diabetes-Dialyse-Studie (4D) Study Group . Randomized controlled trial on the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes on hemodialysis (4D study).  Kidney Blood Press Res. 2004;  27 259-266