Dopamin-Transporter- und Dopamin-D₂-Rezeptor-SPECT bei Erkrankungen der Basalganglien

Zusammenfassung

Bei den Basalganglien handelt es sich um eine Gruppe von subkortikalen Kernen des extrapyramidalmotorischen Systems, die bei der Ausgestaltung von Bewegungsabläufen eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Zu den Erkrankungen, die mit einer Funktionsstörung der Basalganglien, insbesondere der dopaminergen Neurotransmission, einhergehen, gehören zum Beispiel der Morbus Parkinson, die Chorea Huntington und der Morbus Wilson. Die Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie beziehungsweise Single-Photonen-Emissions-Computer-Tomografie (SPECT) haben nicht nur zum Verständnis der Pathophysiologie dieser Erkrankungen beigetragen, sondern bieten mittlerweile in Fällen schwieriger differenzialdiagnostischer Entscheidungen eine valide Hilfe in der klinischen Routine, so zum Beispiel in der Abgrenzung der Parkinson-Krankheit vom essenziellen Tremor beziehungsweise in der Differenzialdiagnostik atypischer Parkinson-Syndrome. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst die wichtigsten Befunde der Dopamin-Transporter- und Dopamin-Rezeptor-SPECT bei Erkrankungen der Basalganglien zusammen.

Abstract

The basal ganglia comprise a group of subcortical nuclei, which are essential for motor control. Dysfunction of these areas, especially in dopaminergic transmission, results in disordered movement and neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Wilson's disease, or Huntington disease. Positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have enhanced the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, but they much more contribute to the early differential diagnosis of patients suffering from Parkinsonian syndrome in routine care. The present article provides dopamine transporter and D₂ receptor SPECT findings in selected movement disorders.

Schlüsselwörter

Basalganglien - Parkinson - Dopamin - Dopamin-Transporter - SPECT

Key words

basal ganglia - Parkinson - dopamine - dopamine transporter - SPECT

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