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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-981256
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Evidenzbasierte Schwangerenvorsorge im Normalkollektiv
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
30. August 2007 (online)
Kernaussagen
Vorsorgeuntersuchungen stellen einen unverzichtbaren Bestandteil jeder Schwangerenbetreuung dar. Nicht alle routinemäßig angebotenen und durchgeführten Untersuchungen basieren jedoch auf harter Evidenz.
Vor diesem Hintergrund scheint eine Diskussion über Sinn und Nutzen gewisser routinemäßig durchgeführten Maßnahmen der Schwangerenvorsorge geboten. Anhand zahlreicher Cochrane-Metaanalysen über die Ergebnisse relevanter Studien wird die aktuelle Datenlage dargestellt:
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Es gibt keine durch Studien abgesicherten Gründe, bei unauffälligem Schwangerschaftsverlauf das Gewicht regelmäßig zu kontrollieren.
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Eine verringerte Anzahl an Vorsorgeuntersuchungen hat im Niedrigrisiko-Kollektiv keine Auswirkung auf verschiedene Parameter des Schwangerschaftsverlaufs. Empfehlenswert sind jedoch mindestens 4 Untersuchungen.
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Aufgrund der fehlenden Evidenz scheint die routinemäßige vaginale Untersuchung von Schwangeren ohne Spätabort oder frühe Frühgeburt in der Anamnese nicht empfehlenswert.
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Der Oxytocin-Belastungstest weist keinen gesicherten klinischen Nutzen auf, auch nicht bei Terminüberschreitung.
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Eine mütterliche Hypotonie gefährdet nicht die uteroplazentare Versorgung des Feten.
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Beschränkt man das Diabetes-Screening nur auf Risikopatientinnen, wird höchstens die Hälfte aller Fälle mit Gestationsdiabetes erkannt. Ein Screeningprogramm in Form eines oralen Glukose-Toleranztests für alle schwangeren Frauen scheint daher dringend geboten.
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Die intrapartale Gabe von Antibiotika kann die Rate an neonatalen Infektionen mit Streptokokken der Gruppe B signifikant senken.
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Das HIV-Screening sollte fester Bestandteil jeder Schwangerenvorsorge sein.
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Prof. Dr. R. L. SchildMA MRCOG
Leiter des Schwerpunkts Geburtshilfe und Perinatalmedizin · Frauenklinik der Universität Erlangen
Universitätsstraße 21–23
91054 Erlangen
eMail: ralf.schild@gyn.imed.uni-erlangen.de