Medikamentöse und nichtmedikamentöse Schmerztherapie in der Neonatologie: Zusammenstellung der aktuellen Datenlage

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Über die negativen Auswirkungen von Schmerz auf die akute und langzeitige Entwicklung von Früh- und Neugeborenen liegt zunehmendes gesichertes Wissen vor. Trotzdem sind Schmerzen häufig in der neonatologischen Intensivtherapie. Es existieren Möglichkeiten der nichtpharmakologischen und pharmakologischen Schmerztherapie, die unterschiedlich wirksam und mit unterschiedlichen Nebenwirkungen behaftet sind.

Methode: Ziel dieses Beitrags ist die Zusammenstellung der bisher untersuchten Strategien zur Schmerztherapie bei invasiven Maßnahmen, dem endotrachealen Absaugen, der Augenhintergrundspiegelung und bei der maschinellen Beatmung Früh- und Neugeborener. Eine Abwägung der Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Maßnahmen nach dem heutigen Wissensstand wird vorgenommen.

Abstract

Background: There is increasing knowlegde about the negative consequences of early pain experiences on the acute and long-term outcome of preterm and term neonates. Despite of it, pain is common in neonatal intensive care. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods of pain therapy with variable analgesic efficacy exsist.

Method: The aim of this article is to give a compendium of the actual strategies of pain therapies for invasive procedures, endotracheal suctioning, eye-examination and for mechanical ventilation of preterm and term neonates. An evaluation of benefits and drawbacks of the single pain alleviating measures will be done.

Schlüsselwörter

Frühgeborene - Neugeborene - Intensivmedizin - Schmerzen - Schmerztherapie

Key words

premature - newborn - intensive care - pain - prevention

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