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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-984706
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Moderne perioperative Behandlungskonzepte und Fast-track-Chirurgie - Weniger Komplikationen und schnellere Rekonvaleszenz als übergeordnete Ziele
Modern perioperative principles and fast track surgery - Fewer complications and accelerated recovery are superior intentionsPublication History
Publication Date:
28 June 2007 (online)

Schlagworte wie minimalinvasive Chirurgie und Fast-track-Chirurgie sind es, welche die gegenwärtige Entwicklung der Chirurgie charakterisieren. Solche modernen chirurgischen Behandlungskonzepte definieren die Minimierung des Operationsstresses und eine damit verbundene Senkung der Morbidität, eine Beschleunigung der Rekonvaleszenz und eine Steigerung der Patientenzufriedenheit als übergeordnetes Ziel. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden in letzter Zeit zunehmend Dogmen chirurgischer Behandlungstechniken infrage gestellt, beispielsweise das Einhalten einer prä- und postoperativen Nahrungskarenz, das Durchführen einer präoperativen Darmspülung und die grundsätzliche Einlage von Drainagen in das Operationsgebiet. Darüber hinaus wurden die „traditionellen” chirurgischen Behandlungskonzepte um spezielle Konzepte der Schmerztherapie ergänzt. Bevor auch perioperative Maßnahmen wie die Nahrungsergänzung mit Proteindrinks, die Immunonutrition sowie eine grundsätzliche Anwendung einer strukturierten Patienteninstruktion generell empfohlen werden können, müssen diese Maßnahmen jedoch noch entsprechend wissenschaftlich validiert werden.
Minimally invasive surgery and fast track surgery represent essential instruments of modern surgery which intend to further reduce morbidity, accelerate recovery and improve satisfaction of the patients after surgery. In this regard several old principles such as preoperative fasting, bowel cleansing and general application of drainages were abandoned. New principles such as further developed perioperative analgesia by using peridural anaesthesia and local infiltration before incision as well as the change of kind and size of operation accesses were implemented. Further ideas for further improvement of perioperative management are a preoperative structured patient education and the perioperative intake of protein drinks. However, the efficiency of these concepts has to be proven first.
Key words
perioperative optimization - fast track surgery - bowel cleansing - preoperative fasting - postoperative feeding - drainage - protein drinks - operation access - analgesia
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Korrespondenz
Dr. Michael Zünd
Klinik für Chirurgie Kantonsspital St. Gallen
Rorschacher Straße 95
9007 St. Gallen, Schweiz
Email: michael.zuend@kssg.ch