Efficacy of Ethyl Nitrite in Reversing Surgical Vasospasm

Alessio Baccarani; Koji Yasui; Kevin C. Olbrich; Ahmed El-Sabbagh; Stephen Kovach; Keith E. Follmar; Detlev Erdmann; L. Scott Levin; Jonathan S. Stamler; Bruce Klitzman; Michael R. Zenn

doi:10.1055/s-2007-985206

Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Table of Contents

J Reconstr Microsurg 2007; 23(5): 257-262
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-985206

Efficacy of Ethyl Nitrite in Reversing Surgical Vasospasm

Alessio Baccarani¹ , Koji Yasui¹ , Kevin C. Olbrich¹ , Ahmed El-Sabbagh¹ , Stephen Kovach¹ , Keith E. Follmar¹ , Detlev Erdmann¹ , L. Scott Levin¹ , Jonathan S. Stamler² , Bruce Klitzman¹ , Michael R. Zenn¹

¹Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
²Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Vasospasm leading to thrombosis is a major cause of free flap failure. Flap blood flow may improve by application of vasodilating agents to the pedicle. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a novel S-nitrosylating agent, O-ethyl nitrite, on flap blood flow and pedicle vessels diameter in a rat model, after induction of vasospasm. Two hours after surgery, the arterial diameter was significantly (P < .05) dilated by treatment with O-ethyl nitrite, lidocaine, or lidocaine + O-ethyl nitrite. None of these treatments had a statistically significant effect on blood flow or venous diameter. Twenty-four hours following surgery, both O-ethyl nitrite- and lidocaine-treated groups had larger arteries than the control group (P < .05). The O-ethyl nitrite-treated animals also had significantly (P < .05) elevated blood flow compared with control animals, but lidocaine-treated animals did not demonstrate any improved flow at 24 hours. O-Ethyl nitrite may become clinically useful in microvascular surgery procedures.

KEYWORDS

Vasospasm - vasodilating agents - ethyl nitrite (ENO)

Full Text

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Michael R ZennM.D.

Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery

Box 3358, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710