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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-985349
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Pathogenese des metabolischen Syndroms - Insulinresistenz, chronische Entzündungsreaktionen und Lipotoxizität stehen im Zentrum
Pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome - Insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and lipotoxicity are key factorsPublication History
Publication Date:
26 July 2007 (online)
Das metabolische Syndrom beruht nicht auf einem einzelnen pathogenetischen Prinzip - wie es Kritiker fordern, um von einem „Syndrom” im medizinischen Sinn sprechen zu können. Vielmehr resultiert es aus vielfältigen und komplizierten Interaktionen metabolischer, kardiovaskulärer, renaler und neurohumoraler Veränderungen, die auf dem Boden der abdominalen Adipositas entstehen. Eine Schlüsselstellung als pathogenetische Faktoren haben Insulinresistenz, chronische Entzündungsreaktionen und Lipotoxizität in Leber, Muskel, Fettgewebe, Pankreas, Herz und Gefäßen. Hinzu kommt die Sympathikusaktivierung, die in besonderer Beziehung zu den kardiovaskulären Manifestationen des metabolischen Syndroms steht. Neue Erkenntnisse zu Sekretionsprodukten des Fettgewebes, den Adipokinen, und zellulären Veränderungen wie der verringerten oxidativen Kapazität der Mitochondrien werden hier mit Blick auf ihre Rolle bei der Pathogenese des metabolischen Syndroms diskutiert.
The pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome cannot be explained by a single unifying factor. Although critics of the concept of the metabolic syndrome ask for such a defining principle, the metabolic syndrome is the product of several pathophysiological changes that interact in a complex manner. Metabolic, cardiovascular, renal and neurohumoral mechanisms are involved that develop in the presence of abdominal obesity. Key factors are insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and lipotoxicity that change the function and structure of the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, heart and vascular vessel wall. Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system also plays a significant role for the cardiovascular component of the metabolic syndrome. Recent findings on adipokines, the secretory products of adipose tissue, and on cellular changes such as decreased oxidative capacity of mitochondria are discussed with the focus on their role for the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.
Key words
insulin resistance - non-esterified fatty acids - adipokines - inflammation - mitochondrial dysfunction - lipotoxicity
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Korrespondenz
Dr. Stefan Engeli
Franz-Volhard-Centrum für Klinische Forschung (Haus 129)
Wiltbergstraße 50
13125 Berlin
Email: stefan.engeli@charite.de