Zusammenfassung
Übergewicht geht mit einer erhöhten somatischen Morbidität und Mortalität einher.
Diese Arbeit geht der bisher strittigen Frage der psychischen Komorbidität in verschiedenen
Populationen Übergewichtiger und Adipöser sowie dem Zusammenhang zu medizinischer
Inanspruchnahme und Gesundheitsverhalten nach. In einer eigenen Erhebung wurde das
Hauptaugenmerk auf Inanspruchnahme- und Gesundheitsverhalten bei Übergewichtigen/Adipösen
mit psychischer Komorbidität gerichtet. In der repräsentativen Befragung an 1281 Personen
aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung wurden anhand validierter Selbstbeschreibungsinstrumente
wichtige komorbide psychische Störungen (Depression, Angststörungen) erhoben und mithilfe
bewährter Cut-off-Werte solche Personen identifiziert, die neben dem Übergewicht/der
Adipositas mindestens eine psychische Komorbidität aufwiesen. Diese 61 Personen zeigten
vor allem ein im Vergleich zu den Übergewichtigen/Adipösen ohne psychische Komorbidität
erhöhtes Inanspruchnahmeverhalten von psychiatrischen und psychotherapeutischen Leistungen
und rauchten häufiger. Psychische Komorbidität erwies sich neben der Anzahl somatischer
Probleme, Alter, BMI, weiblichem Geschlecht und einem Wohnsitz in den neuen Bundesländern
als zusätzlicher Prädiktor für einen geringeren subjektiven Gesundheitszustand bei
Übergewichtigen/Adipösen. Die Ergebnisse implizieren die Notwendigkeit, in Gewichtsreduktionsprogrammen
das Augenmerk auf die psychotherapeutische Behandlung bei psychischer Komorbidität
zu richten.
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased somatic morbidity and mortality. This paper
focuses on the controversial issue of mental co-morbidity in various populations of
overweight and obese persons and the relationship to the utilization of medical care
and health behaviour. Therefore, this paper focuses on health care utilization and
health behaviour in overweight/obese with mental co-morbidity. In a representative
German community sample with n = 1281 we administered valid self-rating scales on
depression and anxiety. Using established cut-off scores we identified 61 subjects
with both overweight/obesity and at least one mental disorder. Compared to the overweight/obese
without mental co-morbidity, those subjects showed a more extensive health care utilization
of psychiatric and psychotherapeutic services and reported more smoking. Beside the
number of somatic problems, age, BMI, female gender and residence in Eastern-Germany
a lower subjective health in overweight/obese subjects could be predicted by the occurrence
of at least one mental disorder. Our results implicate the need to focus on psychotherapy
in weight reduction programmes for participants with mental co-morbidity.
Key words
obesity - overweight - health care utilization - health behaviour - subjective health
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Dr. med. Dipl.-Psych. Jörg Wiltink
Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie
Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8
55131 Mainz
Email: wiltink@psychosomatik.klinik.uni-mainz.de