Zusammenfassung
Die kontrollierte Studie von 12 Patientinnen (BMI = 14,06 kg/m2 ; SD = 1,78; Alter 27,4 Jahre; SD = 10,5) mit restriktiver Anorexia nervosa (AN) im Vergleich zu 13 normalgewichtigen, gesunden und nicht essgestörten Frauen (BMI = 21,38; SD = 1,55; Alter 25,3 Jahre; SD = 3,4) untersucht mögliche Störungsvariablen des Hunger- bzw. Sättigungsempfindens mittels visueller Nahrungsmittelkonfrontation in Starvations- und Sättigungszuständen. Während der Nahrungskarenz beschreiben AN-Patientinnen ein geringeres Hungergefühl. Bilder von Nahrungsmitteln und die Antizipation von Kakaotrinken werden nicht appetitiv wie bei gesunden Frauen, sondern aversiv erlebt. Die visuelle Nahrungsmittelpräsentation wirkt sättigend auf AN-Patientinnen. Gesunde Frauen beschreiben allenfalls ein vermindertes Hungergefühl. Nach Essen ad libitum erreicht das Sättigungsempfinden der gesunden Frauen trotz weiterer Nahrungsaufnahme ein Plateau, während die Sättigung von AN-Patientinnen als weiter progredient erlebt wird. Die visuelle Nahrungsmittelkonfrontation wird aversiv und sättigend erlebt, was auf eine kognitiv gesteuerte Sättigungsbewertung schließen lässt. Die dysfunktionale kognitive Zuordnung des Sättigungsempfindens könnte somit als Mittel zur Aufrechterhaltung einer Essensvermeidungsreaktion interpretiert werden.
Abstract
The controlled study examined the distortion of hunger und satiation in 12 patients with restrictive AN (BMI = 14.0; SD: 1.78; age 27.4 years; SD = 10.5) and 13 healthy and not eating-disordered normalweight controls (BMI = 21.3; age 25.3 years; SD = 3.4) by visual confrontation with food stimuli in different states of nutrition. During fasting patients with AN describe less hunger-feelings. In contrast to healthy women pictures of food and the anticipation of the consumption of hot chocolate are not experienced enjoyable, but aversive. Visual confrontation of food has a satiable effect on anorexic patients. Healthy women, however, indicate a moderate decrease in hunger feelings. After eating ad libitum satiety of healthy women reach a plateau instead of further eating. Anorexic patients initially feel hungry, a stable level of satiety, however, cannot be obtained. The visual confrontation with food is experienced aversively and satiably. These results leads us to assume a cognitive allocation of satiation ratings. The dysfunctional cognitive allocation of satiation ratings may represent a mean to maintain a food-avoidance.
Key words
anorexia nervosa - hunger - satiation - neurobiology - dysfunctional cognitive allocation
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Prof. Dr. Stephan Herpertz
Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, LWL-Klinik Dortmund, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Marsbruchstraße 172
44287 Dortmund
eMail: stephan.herpertz@ruhr-uni-bochum.de