Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: In Deutschland ist die Endosonografie eine sehr verbreitete und nicht alleine auf hoch spezialisierte Zentren beschränkte Methode. Neben den traditionellen Radialscannern haben sich Echoendoskope mit Longitudinalscanner fest etabliert. Aktuelle multizentrische Daten zu Komplikationen der Endosonografie und endosonografisch gestützter Interventionen an deutschen Zentren fehlen. Methode: In den Jahren 2004 bis 2006 wurden alle deutschen Zentren, die Endosonografien durchführen, im Rahmen einer strukturierten Umfrage gebeten, über die bisher aufgetretenen Komplikationen zu berichten. Ergebnisse: 67 Zentren mit sehr unterschiedlicher Erfahrung berichteten über insgesamt 100 604 endosonografische Prozeduren (85 084 diagnostische Endosonografien ohne Intervention, 13 223 endosonografisch gestützte Feinnadelaspirationsbiopsien, 2297 endosonografisch gestützte therapeutische Interventionen) aus den Jahren 1991 bis 2006. 38 Zentren teilten insgesamt 104 Komplikationen mit, darunter 88 schwere (Gesamtkomplikationsrate 0,1 %). Bei den Komplikationen der diagnostischen Endosonografie handelte es sich fast ausschließlich um Perforationen des Duodenums und des Ösophagus, die Komplikationsrate lag bei 0,034 %. Komplikationen traten nach endosonografisch gestützten Feinnadelbiopsie in 0,29 % und nach endosonografisch gestützter therapeutischer Intervention in 1,61 % der Fälle auf. Die Mortalität aller endosonografischer Prozeduren betrug 0,01 %. Schlussfolgerungen: Auch unter den spezifischen Bedingungen in Deutschland sind endosonografische Untersuchungen und Interventionen sichere Methoden. Die prospektive Erfassung der Komplikationen sollte zu einem wesentlichen Element des Qualitätsmanagements der Endosonografie werden.
Abstract
Background: Endoscopic ultrasonography is a widely used technique in Germany and not restricted to highly specialised centres. Complementary to the traditional radial scanners, longitudinally scanning echo endoscopes have gained considerable acceptation. Multicentre data on the complications of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions at German centres do not exist. Method: From 2004 to 2006 all German centres performing endoscopic ultrasonography were surveyed and asked to report on their complications. Results: From 1991 to 2006 100 604 endosonographic procedures had been performed in 67 centres (85 084 diagnostic endosonographies without any intervention, 13 223 endoscopic ultrasound-guided finde-needle aspiration biopsies, 2297 endoscopic ultrasound-guided therapeutic interventions). 38 centres reported on 104 complications, of which 88 were considered to be severe (overall complication rate 0.1 %). Complications of diagnostic endoscopic ultrasound occurred at a rate of 0.034 %, almost all of them were duodenal and oesophageal perforations. There had been complications in 0.29 % of all endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies and subsequent to 1.61 % of all endoscopic ultrasound-guided therapeutic interventions. The overall mortality of non-interventional and interventional endosonographic procedures was 0.01 %. Conclusions: Under the specific circumstances in Germany, endoscopic ultrasound, both conventional and interventional, was confirmed to be a safe diagnostic and therapeutic technique. In future, the prospective assessment of complications should become an essential part of quality management of endoscopic ultrasound.
Schlüsselwörter
Endosonografie (EUS) - endosonografisch geführte Feinnadelaspirationsbiopsie (EUS-FNA) - endosonografisch gestützte Interventionen (EUS-I) - Komplikationen - Perforation - Qualitätsmanagement
Key words
endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) - endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) - endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions (EUS-I) - complications - perforation - quality management
Literatur
1
Dietrich C F.
Evidenzbasierter Einsatz der Endosonographie in der gastroenterologischen Diagnostik.
Gastroenterologie up2date.
2007;
3
257-274
2
Gan S I, Rajan E, Adler D G. et al .
Role of EUS.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2007;
66
425-434
3
Eisen G M, Dominitz J A, Faigel D O. et al .
Guidelines for credentialing and granting privileges for endoscopic ultrasound.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2001;
54
811-814
4
Jacobson B C, Chak A, Hoffman B. et al .
Quality indicators for endoscopic ultrasonography.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2006;
101
898-901
5
Roseau G, Palazzo L.
EUS teaching.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2006;
64
296
6
Van Dam J, Brady P G, Freeman M. et al .
Guidelines for training in endoscopic ultrasound.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1999;
49
829-833
7
Krakamp B, Janssen J, Menzel J. et al .
Voraussetzungen und Empfehlungen zur Durchführung von Endosonographien.
Z Gastroenterol.
2004;
42
157-166
8
Rosch T, Dittler H, Fockens P. et al .
Major complications of endoscopic ultrasonography: results of a survey of 42,105 cases (abstract).
Gastrointest Endosc.
1993;
39
AB370
9
Noh K W, Woodward T A, Raimondo M. et al .
Changing trends in endosonography: linear imaging and tissue are increasingly the issue.
Dig Dis Sci.
2007;
52
1014-1018
10
Vilmann P, Khattar S, Hancke S.
Endoscopic ultrasound examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract using a curved-array transducer. A preliminary report.
Surg Endosc.
1991;
5
79-82
11
Wiersema M J, Hawes R H, Tao L C. et al .
Endoscopic ultrasonography as an adjunct to fine needle aspiration cytology of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1992;
38
35-39
12
Giovannini M, Bernardini D, Seitz J F.
Cystogastrotomy entirely performed under endosonography guidance for pancreatic pseudocyst: results in six patients.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1998;
48
200-203
13
Vilmann P, Hancke S, Pless T. et al .
One-step endosonography-guided drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst: a new technique of stent delivery through the echo endoscope.
Endoscopy.
1998;
30
730-733
14
Wiersema M J, Wiersema L M.
Endosonography-guided celiac plexus neurolysis.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1996;
44
656-662
15
Eloubeidi M A, Gress F G, Savides T J. et al .
Acute pancreatitis after EUS-guided FNA of solid pancreatic masses: a pooled analysis from EUS centers in the United States.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2004;
60
385-389
16
Eloubeidi M A, Chen V K, Eltoum I A. et al .
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of patients with suspected pancreatic cancer: diagnostic accuracy and acute and 30-day complications.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2003;
98
2663-2668
17
Mortensen M B, Fristrup C, Holm F S. et al .
Prospective evaluation of patient tolerability, satisfaction with patient information, and complications in endoscopic ultrasonography.
Endoscopy.
2005;
37
146-153
18
Buscarini E, De Angelis C, Arcidiacono P G. et al .
Multicentre retrospective study on endoscopic ultrasound complications.
Dig Liver Dis.
2006;
38
762-767
19
Das A, Sivak M V, Chak Jr A.
Cervical esophageal perforation during EUS: a national survey.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2001;
53
599-602
20
Al Haddad M, Wallace M B, Woodward T A. et al .
The safety of fine-needle aspiration guided by endoscopic ultrasound: a prospective study.
Endoscopy.
2008;
40
204-208
21
Bournet B, Migueres I, Delacroix M. et al .
Early morbidity of endoscopic ultrasound: 13 years’ experience at a referral center.
Endoscopy.
2006;
38
349-354
22
Eloubeidi M A, Tamhane A, Varadarajulu S. et al .
Frequency of major complications after EUS-guided FNA of solid pancreatic masses: a prospective evaluation.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2006;
63
622-629
23
Williams D B, Sahai A V, Aabakken L. et al .
Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy: a large single centre experience.
Gut.
1999;
44
720-726
24
O’Toole D, Palazzo L, Arotcarena R. et al .
Assessment of complications of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2001;
53
470-474
25
Wiersema M J, Vilmann P, Giovannini M. et al .
Endosonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: diagnostic accuracy and complication assessment.
Gastroenterology.
1997;
112
1087-1095
26
Froehlich F, Gonvers J J, Vader J P. et al .
Appropriateness of gastrointestinal endoscopy: risk of complications.
Endoscopy.
1999;
31
684-686
27
Sieg A, Hachmoeller-Eisenbach U, Eisenbach T.
Prospective evaluation of complications in outpatient GI endoscopy: a survey among German gastroenterologists.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2001;
53
620-627
28
Ginzburg L, Greenwald D, Cohen J.
Complications of endoscopy.
Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am.
2007;
17
405-432
29
Lachter J.
Fatal complications of endoscopic ultrasonography: a look at 18 cases.
Endoscopy.
2007;
39
747-750
30
Tierney W M, Adler D G, Chand B. et al .
Echoendoscopes.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2007;
66
435-442
31 Jenssen C, Möller M, Sarbia M. et al .Endosonographische Biopsie (EUS-FNA, EUS-TCB) – Fallstricke, Probleme und Problemlösungen. Dietrich CF Endosonographie. Lehrbuch und Atlas des endoskopischen Ultraschalls Stuttgart, New York; Thieme 2008: 87-140
32
Affi A, Vazquez-Sequeiros E, Norton I D. et al .
Acute extraluminal hemorrhage associated with EUS-guided fine needle aspiration: frequency and clinical significance.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2001;
53
221-225
33
Kien-Fong V C, Chang F, Doig L. et al .
A prospective control study of the safety and cellular yield of EUS-guided FNA or Trucut biopsy in patients taking aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or prophylactic low molecular weight heparin.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2006;
63
808-813
34
Adler D G, Jacobson B C, Davila R E. et al .
ASGE guideline: complications of EUS.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2005;
61
8-12
35 Jenssen C, Mayr M, Nürnberg D. et al .Komplikationen der Endosonographie: Risikobewertung und Vorbeugung. Dietrich CF Endosonographie. Lehrbuch und Atlas des endoskopischen Ultraschalls Stuttgart, New York; Thieme 2008: 148-163
36
Shah J N, Muthusamy V R.
Minimizing complications of endoscopic ultrasound and EUS-guided fine needle aspiration.
Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am.
2007;
17
129-viii
37
Gress F, Michael H, Gelrud D. et al .
EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of the pancreas: evaluation of pancreatitis as a complication.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2002;
56
864-867
38
Barawi M, Gottlieb K, Cunha B. et al .
A prospective evaluation of the incidence of bacteremia associated with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2001;
53
189-192
39
Janssen J, Konig K, Knop-Hammad V. et al .
Frequency of bacteremia after linear EUS of the upper GI tract with and without FNA.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2004;
59
339-344
40
Levy M J, Norton I D, Wiersema M J. et al .
Prospective risk assessment of bacteremia and other infectious complications in patients undergoing EUS-guided FNA.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2003;
57
672-678
41
Petersen C R, Adamsen S, Gocht-Jensen P. et al .
Splenic injury after colonoscopy.
Endoscopy.
2008;
40
76-79
42
Deist T J, Freytag A.
Milzruptur nach ERCP.
Z Gastroenterol.
2003;
41
579-582
43
Gress F, Schmitt C, Sherman S. et al .
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block for managing abdominal pain associated with chronic pancreatitis: a prospective single center experience.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2001;
96
409-416
44
Kahaleh M, Hernandez A J, Tokar J. et al .
EUS-guided pancreaticogastrostomy: analysis of its efficacy to drain inaccessible pancreatic ducts.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2007;
65
224-230
45
Kahaleh M, Hernandez A J, Tokar J. et al .
Interventional EUS-guided cholangiography: evaluation of a technique in evolution.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2006;
64
52-59
46
Tessier G, Bories E, Arvanitakis M. et al .
EUS-guided pancreatogastrostomy and pancreatobulbostomy for the treatment of pain in patients with pancreatic ductal dilatation inaccessible for transpapillary endoscopic therapy.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2007;
65
233-241
47
Will U, Wegener C, Graf K I. et al .
Differential treatment and early outcome in the interventional endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts in 27 patients.
World J Gastroenterol.
2006;
12
4175-4178
1 Vorläufige Ergebnisse dieser Studie wurden bereits als Poster bei der 62. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten in Bochum (12.–15.09.2007) präsentiert.
Dr. Christian Jenssen
Klinik für Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland
Betriebsteile Strausberg und Wriezen
Prötzeler Chaussee 5
15344 Strausberg
Phone: ++ 49/33 41/5 28 22
Fax: ++ 49/33 41/5 24 64
Email: c.jenssen@khmol.de