Zusammenfassung
24 neuroleptisch nie behandelte, schizophren erkrankte Patienten wurden mit 99m-Tc-HMPAO-SPECT auf Unterschiede des regionalen zerebralen Blutflusses untersucht. Die Messwerte wurden mit einer Multidimensionalen Scaling (MDS-)Methode mit den psychopathologischen Symptomen der PANSS korreliert. Größenideen und formale Denkstörungen zeigten die stärksten Korrelationen zu verschiedenen rCBF-Werten in 21 Regionen (ROIs). Die in einem Adynamie-Cluster zusammengefassten Basissymptome mit Defizienzmerkmalen variierten stärker als 4 Vergleichscluster aus Basissymptomen mit der global erfassten Hirndurchblutung. Eine fMRT-Untersuchung an schizophrenen Patienten mit akustischen Halluzinationen und Kontrollen zeigte, dass bei Stimulation mit externen, elementaren auditiven Stimuli die Gesunden mit dem linksseitigen Gyrus temporalis medius und dem Praecuneus und dem Gyrus postcentralis rechts die erwarteten Areale der akustischen Quellenortung und Reizverarbeitung aktivierten, bei intern wahrgenommenen Stimuli die linkshemisphärische Insel. Halluzinanten dagegen aktivierten unter denselben Bedingungen weder das System zur Raumquellenortung noch die Insel. Dadurch lässt sich möglicherweise erklären, dass der Täuschungscharakter akustischer Halluzinationen von an Schizophrenie Erkrankten nicht durchschaut werden kann.
Abstract
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was analysed in 24 neuroleptically never treated schizophrenics by 99m-Tc-HMPAO-SPECT. Psychopathological symptoms (PANSS) were correlated with rCBF-measures using multidimensional scaling (MDS). Highest degrees of correlation were found for ideas of grandiosity and formal thought disorders compared to different regions of interest (ROIs). An adynamic cluster was defined by basic symptoms which showed signs of deficiency. This cluster was by the highest degree correlated with a cluster defined by rCBF compared to four different clusters of basic symptoms. A fMRI-study was performed in schizophrenic patients with auditive hallucinations in comparison to healthy controls. We offered simple acoustic stimuli perceived as coming from the outside versus inside. For the outside condition, controls activated the medial temporal gyrus on the left side and the rightsided precuneus and postcentral gyrus which represent the auditive source locating and the stimulus processing systems, for inside, they activated the left insula. Hallucinating schizophrenic neither activated the one nor the other system. We discussed the findings as a possible explanation of the schizophrenics’ tendency to misinterprete hallucinations as real perceptions.
Schlüsselwörter
Positivsymptome - Plussymptome - rCBF - akustische Halluzinationen
Key words
positive symptoms - plussymptoms - rCBF - auditive hallucinations
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1 Mit Unterstützung der DFG (ER 271-4)
Prof. Dr. Ralf Erkwoh
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Helios-Klinikum Erfurt
Nordhäuser Straße 74
99089 Erfurt
Email: rerkwoh@erfurt.helios-kliniken.de