Zusammenfassung
Inhalative Kortikosteroide (ICS) sind ab dem Schweregrad III zur Dauertherapie der COPD (chronisch-obstruktive Lungenerkrankung) indiziert. Die Kombination eines ICS mit einem langwirksamen β2 -Mimetikum (LABA) ist klinisch in Bezug auf die folgenden Parameter wirksamer als die jeweilige Einzelsubstanz alleine: Reduktion der Exazerbations- und Hospitalisierungsrate, Reduktion der Dyspnoesymptomatik und Verbesserung der Lebensqualität. Die Mortalität konnte durch die feste ICS/LABA-Kombination nicht signifikant und nur im Trend gesenkt werden. In Langzeitstudien traten in den ICS-Gruppen die orale/pharyngeale Candidiasis in bis zu 10 % der Patienten auf. Obwohl insgesamt selten, zeigen Langzeitstudien und Datenbankanalysen unter ICS-Therapie eine 18 – 19 % erhöhte Pneumoniewahrscheinlichkeit bzw. ein um den Faktor 1,7 – 2,2 erhöhtes Pneumonierisiko. Da ICS nicht ohne einen Bronchodilatator verordnet werden sollen, sind die genannten festen Kombinationen in der COPD eine logische Konsequenz für die Langzeittherapie ab dem Schweregrad 3.
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) used in COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are recommended only in combination with a long-acting β2 -agonist (LABA) in stage 3 and higher in COPD treatment guidelines. In comparison to placebo and the single components, a superior control by means of the ICS/LABA fixed combination therapy has been demonstrated for clinical improvement in the following parameters: reduction of exacerbation rate and hospitalisations, reduction of dyspnoea and improvement of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ). In contrast to data from database studies, the large prospective TORCH (Towards a Revolution in COPD Health) trial found in the ICS/LABA group a beneficial effect on the reduction of mortality only as a trend in the ICS/LABA group, which did not reach statistical significance. In long-term trials, ICS treated patients experienced up to 10 % oral and/or pharyngeal candidiasis. ICS was associated with an excess risk of pneumonia, which doubles the pneumonia incidence in patients not receiving ICS. The probability of having pneumonia reported as an adverse event was 18 – 19 % in the ICS groups and resulted in a 1.7 – 2.2 elevated pneumonia risk. Because ICS therapy is recommended only in conjunction with a bronchodilator, fixed ICS/LABA combinations are a logical consequence for COPD long-term therapy.
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Prof. Dr. med. A. Gillissen
Robert Koch-Klinik, Thoraxzentrum des Klinikums St. Georg
Nikolai-Rumjanzew-Str. 100
04207 Leipzig
URL: http://www.rkk-leipzig.de