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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1038178
Multimodale Bildgebung mit PET, fMRI und genetischen Untersuchungen
Multimodal Imaging with PET, fMRI and Genetic ResearchPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
28. April 2008 (online)
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Zusammenfassung
In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat die funktionelle Kernspintomographie (fMRI) die früher häufig verwendeten nuklearmedizinischen Verfahren wie PET (Positron Emission Tomography) oder SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) bei der Untersuchung der funktionellen Hirnaktivierung weitgehend verdrängt. Die genannten Verfahren behalten aber ihre Bedeutung bei der in vivo Darstellung von Neurorezeptoren und Transportern und zur Messung des basalen regionalen zerebralen Blutflusses. Sie ermöglichen es auch, substratnah Genotypeffekte auf die Proteinexpression zu messen. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten nuklearmedizinischen Methoden und die in ihnen zur Anwendung kommenden Ansätze zur Quantifizierung von Genotypeffekten auf die Expression von Neurorezeptoren und Transportern. Weiterhin werden erste multimodale Bildgebungsstudien vorgestellt, die PET, fMRI und genetische Untersuchungen kombinieren, um so Auswirkungen des Genotyps oder der Verfügbarkeit von Neurorezeptoren oder -transportern auf die funktionelle Hirnaktivierung messen zu können. Die klinische Relevanz der Untersuchungen wird beispielhaft dargelegt und diskutiert.
Abstract
Within the last decades, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has widely replaced previously used methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the assessment of functional brain activation. However, PET and SPECT remain important tools for in vivo assessment of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters and for the assessment of baseline regional cerebral blood flow. PET and SPECT also provide a unique opportunity to directly quantify genotype effects on protein expression. We review current nuclear imaging techniques for quantification of genotype effects on neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. Furthermore, we describe first multimodal imaging studies that combined PET, fMRI and genetic data in order to measure effects of genotype or the availability of receptor or transporters on functional brain activation. The clinical relevance of these studies will be illustrated and discussed.
Schlüsselwörter
Multimodale Bildgebung - fMRT - PET - SPECT - genetische Effekte
Key words
Multimodal imaging - fMRI - PET - SPECT - genetic effects
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Prof. Dr. med. Andreas Heinz
Direktor und Leiter der Klinik für Psychiatrie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité Campus Mitte)
Charitéplatz 1
10117 Berlin
eMail: andreas.heinz@charite.de