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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1038217
Abhängigkeitserkrankungen im Kontext der Tiefen Hirnstimulation – eine literaturgestützte systematische Auswertung
Deep Brain Stimulation in the Context of Addiction – A Literature-Based Systematic EvaluationPublication History
Publication Date:
04 July 2008 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Tiefe Hirnstimulation (THS) ist mittlerweile als Therapieoption bei Morbus Parkinson und essenziellem Tremor etabliert. Erfolgreiche Behandlungen an kleineren Patientengruppen mit Dystonien, Cluster-Kopfschmerz und Tourette-Syndrom sowie mit Zwangsstörungen und Depressionen lassen eine zukünftige Indikationserweiterung erwarten. In diesem Kontext wird auch ein Nutzen der THS bei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen diskutiert. Ziel und Methode: Zur Erfassung potenzieller Auswirkungen der THS unterschiedlicher Zielregionen auf Abhängigkeitserkrankungen wurde eine stichwortbezogene Pubmed-Recherche (National Library of Medicine, Washington) durchgeführt und auf eigene Studien zurückgegriffen. Ergebnisse: Es ließen sich ausschließlich Kasuistiken und Fallserienstudien ermitteln, die über insgesamt n = 28 Patienten berichten. Dabei fanden sich folgende Assoziationen: Abhängigkeit von Dopaminersatztherapie und pathologisches Glücksspiel mit einer THS im Nucleus subthalamicus (STN) sowie stoffgebundene Abhängigkeiten von Alkohol, Nikotin und Heroin mit einer THS im Nucleus accumbens (NAc). Schlussfolgerung: Bei einer THS des STN sind Remissionen von pathologischem Spielen und der Abhängigkeit von Dopaminersatztherapie bei der Grunderkrankung Morbus Parkinson beschrieben. Hier ist als Wirkmechanismus jedoch die der THS folgende Reduktion der Parkinson-spezifischen Medikation anzunehmen. Bei einer THS des NAc sind erfolgreiche Remissionen von Alkohol-, Nikotin- und Heroinabhängigkeit bei unterschiedlichsten Grunderkrankungen beschrieben. Dies weist im Gegensatz zur THS des STN auf potenzielle, womöglich supportive Effekte hin. Die genauen Wirkmechanismen sind noch nicht verstanden, eine hohe Abstinenzmotivation der Patienten scheint jedoch von Bedeutung für die Wirkung der THS des NAc zu sein.
Abstract
Background: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is established as option to treat Parkinson’s Disease and essential tremor by now. Successful treatments of small samples suffering from dystonia, cluster headache or Tourette’s Syndrome or from obessive-compulsive disorders and depression make a future extension of indication seem probable. In this context the efficiency of DBS for the treatment of addiction is being discussed. Aim and Methods: To assess the potential effects of DBS of different target areas on addiction a keyword-related research in Pubmed (National Library of Medicine, Washington) was undertaken and own research was integrated. Findings: Only case reports and case series were being found, describing in total n = 28 patients. Dopamine replacement therapy dependence (DRTD) and pathological gambling (PG) were reported in conjunction with DBS of the nucleus subthalamicus (STN). Addiction to alcohol, nicotine and heroin were reported in conjunction with DBS of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). These findings were collected in a spreadsheet and discussed. Conclusions: For STN DBS remissions of PG and DRTD are only reported during the underlying treatment of Parkinson’s disease. As method of action therefore the reduction of Parkinsonian medication seems more probable. For NAc DBS remissions of addiction to alcohol, nicotine and heroin are reported during the underlying treatment of heterogonous psychiatric disorders. In contrast to STN DBS this refers to possible, maybe supportive effects of NAc DBS. The exact methods of action are not well understood, but an high motivation of the patients to stay abstinent seems to be of relevance for the effect of NAc DBS.
Schlüsselwörter
Abhängigkeit - Sucht - Tiefe Hirnstimulation - pathologisches Glücksspiel
Key words
addiction - dependence - deep brain stimulation - pathological gambling
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Dr. med. Jens Kuhn
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität Köln
Kerpener Straße 62
50924 Köln
Email: Jens.Kuhn@uk-koeln.de