Metabolic Profile and Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression of Skeletal Muscle Fibers are Altered in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

K. Fritzsche; M. Blüher; S. Schering; I. B. Buchwalow; M. Kern; A. Linke; A. Oberbach; V. Adams; K. Punkt

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1073126

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2008; 116(10): 606-613
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1073126

Article

Metabolic Profile and Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression of Skeletal Muscle Fibers are Altered in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

K. Fritzsche¹ , M. Blüher² , S. Schering¹ , I. B. Buchwalow³ , M. Kern² , A. Linke⁴ , A. Oberbach² , V. Adams⁴ , K. Punkt¹

¹Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Germany
²Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
³Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University of Münster, Germany
⁴Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Abstract

We investigate muscle fiber composition, fiber-specific glycolytic and oxidative enzyme capacity and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in skeletal muscle of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Vastus lateralis muscle was obtained by percutaneous biopsy from 7 T1D patients and 10 healthy controls with similar characteristics. Using cytophotometry, muscle fiber composition and fiber type–specific glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities were measured in slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and fast glycolytic (FG) fibers. In addition, NOS 1-3 protein expression was measured. The glycolytic fiber fraction was 1.4 fold higher, whereas FOG and SO fiber fractions were significantly reduced by 13.5% and 6.2% in skeletal muscle from T1D patients. Glycolytic enzyme activities and fiber-specific ratio of glycolytic relative to oxidative enzyme activity were significantly higher in all fiber types of T1D patients and correlated with HbA_1c. Expression of NOS1-3 isoforms was reduced in skeletal muscle of T1D subjects. Increased glycolytic enzyme activity in muscle of T1D patients is most likely due to both a higher number of fast glycolytic fibers and a shift towards increased glycolytic metabolism in all fiber types. Alterations in muscle fiber distribution and enzyme activities seem to be due to impaired long-term glycemic control.

Key words

skeletal muscle fiber type - type 1 diabetes

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References

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Correspondence

M. BlüherMD

University of Leipzig

Department of Medicine

Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27

04103 Leipzig

Germany

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eMail: bluma@medizin.uni-leipzig.de