Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify active principles of Gentianella austriaca responsible for the reduction of the incidence of micronuclei in irradiated lymphocytes in vitro. The radioprotective effects of ether (EF) and methanolic (MeF) fractions, water-soluble xanthones demethylbellidifolin (1), demethylbellidifolin 8-O-glucoside (2), bellidifolin 8-O-glucoside (3), and flavonoid swertisin (4) against chromosomal damage induced by γ-rays were determined using the micronucleus test. EF and MeF showed better protection in treatment of human lymphocytes after γ-irradiation than did isolated compounds. Among the isolated compounds, the effectiveness in reduction of the frequency of micronuclei followed the order 4 > 3 > 2 > 1. The anti-lipoperoxidant activity was in the order 2 > 4 > 1, while 3 slightly increased the level of malondialdehyde. In addition, the effectiveness in induction of apoptosis followed the order, 3 > 2 > 4, while 1 had no proapoptotic effect. These results suggest that the antioxidative properties of the polyphenols tested may contribute to the radioprotective effects of G. austriaca.
Supporting information available online at http://www.thieme-connect.de/ejournals/toc/plantamedica
Key words
Gentianella austriaca
- Gentianaceae - xanthones - radioprotection - micronuclei
References
-
1
Arora R, Gupta D, Chawla R, Sagar R, Sharma A K, Prasad J. et al .
Radioprotection by plant products: present status and future prospects.
Phytother Res.
2005;
19
1-22
-
2
Pinto M MM, Sousa M E, Nascimento M SJ.
Xanthone derivatives: New insights in biological activities.
Curr Med Chem.
2005;
12
2517-38
-
3
Lacaille-Dubois M, Galle K, Wagner H.
Secoiridoids and xanthones from Gentianella nitida.
.
Planta Med.
1996;
62
365-7
-
4
Nadinic E, Gorzalczany S, Rojo A, van Baren C, Debenedetti S, Acevedo C.
Topical anti-inflammatory activity of Gentianella achalensis.
.
Fitoterapia.
1999;
70
166-71
-
5
Janković T, Krstić D, Aljančić I, Šavikin-Fodulović K, Menković N, Vajs V. et al .
Xanthones and C-glucosides from the aerial parts of four species of Gentianella from Serbia and Montenegro.
Biochem Syst Ecol.
2005;
33
729-35
-
6
Leskovac A, Joksić G, Janković T, Šavikin K, Menković N.
Radioprotective properties of the phytochemically characterized extracts of Crataegus monogyna, Cornus mas and Gentianella austriaca on human lymphocytes in vitro.
.
Planta Med.
2007;
73
1169-75
-
7
Menković N, Šavikin-Fodulović K, Bulatović V, Aljanšić I, Juranić N, Macura S. et al .
Xanthones from Swertia punctata.
.
Phytochemistry.
2002;
61
415-20
-
8
Yamaguchi T, Takamura H, Matoba T, Terao J.
HPLC method for evaluation of the free radical scavenging activity of foods by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.
1998;
62
1201-4
-
9
Fenech M.
The cytokinesis blocks micronucleus technique: a detailed description on the method and its application to genotoxicity studies in human population.
Mutat Res.
1993;
285
35-44
-
10
Surrales J, Xamena N, Creus A, Marco R.
The suitability of the micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes as a new biomarker of excision repair.
Mutat Res.
1995;
342
43-59
-
11
Aruoma O L, Halliwell B, Laughton M J, Quinland G J, Gutteridge J MC.
The mechanism of initiation of lipid peroxidation. Evidence against a requirement for an iron(II)-iron(III) complex.
Biochem J.
1989;
258
617-20
-
12
Masini E, Bani D, Bello M G, Bigazzi M, Mannaioni P F, Sacchi T B.
Relaxin counteracts myocardial damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion in isolated guinea pig hearts: evidence for an involvement of nitric oxide.
Endocrinology.
1997;
138
4713-20
-
13
Lowry O H, Rosebrough N J, Farr A L, Randall R J.
Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.
J Biol Chem.
1951;
193
265-75
-
14
Rice-Evans C, Miller N, Paganga G.
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids.
Free Radic Biol Med.
1996;
20
933-56
-
15
Rice-Evans C, Miller N, Bolwel P, Bramley P, Pridham J.
The relative antioxidant activities of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids.
Free Radic Res.
1995;
22
375-83
-
16
Igile G, Oleszek W, Jurzysta M, Burda S, Fafunso M, Fasanmade A.
Flavonoids from Vernonia amygdalina and their antioxidant activities. J.
Agric Food Chem.
1994;
42
2445-8
-
17
Del Baño M J, Castillo J, Benavente-Garcia O, Lorente J, Martin-Gil R, Acevedo C. et al .
Radioprotective-antimutagenic effects of rosemary phenolics against chromosomal damage induced in human lymphocytes by γ-rays.
J Agric Food Chem.
2006;
54
2064-8
-
18
Lebeau J, Furman C, Bernier J C, Duriez P, Teissier E, Cotele N.
Antioxidant properties of di-tert-butylhydroxylated flavonoids.
Free Radic Biol Med.
2000;
29
900-12
-
19
Kundu J K, Surh Y J.
Molecular basis of chemoprevention by resveratrol: NF-κB and AP-1 as potential targets.
Mutat Res.
2004;
555
65-80
-
20
Manna S, Mukhopadhyay A, Aggarwal B.
Resveratrol suppresses TNF-induced activation of nuclear transcription factors NF-κB, activator protein-1, and apoptosis: potential role of reactive oxygen intermediates and lipid peroxidation.
J Immunol.
2000;
164
6509-19
Teodora Janković
Institute for Medicinal Plant Research ”Dr. Josif Pančić”
Tadeuša Košśuška 1
11000 Belgrade
Serbia
Phone: +381-11-303-1652
Fax: +381-11-303-1649
Email: tjankovic@iplb.co.yu
