Abdominal Approaches for Rectal Prolapse

ABSTRACT

The management of full-thickness rectal prolapse involves surgical intervention in the majority of cases. Many procedures have been described employing both perineal and abdominal approaches. Abdominal procedures result in more durable repair of the prolapse; however, the procedures require general anesthesia and are reserved for younger healthier patients. Laparoscopy has been utilized in the treatment of rectal prolapse since its introduction for colorectal procedures; recent studies have found equivalent long-term results and short-term outcomes.

KEYWORDS

Rectal prolapse - surgery - abdominal approach

REFERENCES

• 1 Moschcowits A V. The pathogenesis, anatomy and cure of prolapse of the rectum.  Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1912;  15 7-21
• 2 Broden B, Snellman B. Procidentia of the rectum studied with cinedefecography: a contribution to the discussion of causative mechanism.  Dis Colon Rectum. 1968;  11 330-347
• 3 Madiba T E, Baig M K, Wexner S D. Surgical management of rectal prolapse.  Arch Surg. 2005;  140 63-73
• 4 Kim D S, Tsang C B, Wong W D, Lowry A C, Goldberg S M, Madoff R D. Complete rectal prolapse: evolution of management and results.  Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;  42 460-469
• 5 Azimuddin K, Khubchandani I T, Rosen L, Stasik J J, Riether R D, Reed III J F. Rectal prolapse: a search for the “best” operation.  Am Surg. 2001;  67 622-627
• 6 Brown A J, Anderson J H, McKee R F, Finlay I G. Strategy for selection of type of operation for rectal prolapse based on clinical criteria.  Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;  47 103-107
• 7 Brazzilli M, Bachoo P, Grant A. Surgery for complete rectal prolapse in adults.  Cochrane Database Sys Rev. 2000;  2 CD001758
• 8 Wells C. New operation for rectal prolapse.  Proc R Soc Med. 1959;  52 602-603
• 9 Ripstein C B. Treatment of massive rectal prolapse.  Am J Surg. 1952;  83 68-71
• 10 Kuijpers H C. Treatment of complete rectal prolapse: to narrow, to wrap, to suspend, to fix, to encircle, to plicate or to resect?.  World J Surg. 1992;  16 826-830
• 11 Gordon P H, Hoexter B. Complications of the Ripstein procedure.  Dis Colon Rectum. 1978;  21 277-280
• 12 Novell J R, Osborne M J, Winslet M C, Lewis A AM. Prospective randomized trail of Ivalon sponge versus sutured rectopexy for full thickness rectal prolapse.  Br J Surg. 1994;  81 904-906
• 13 Ripstein C B, Lanter B. Etiology and surgical therapy for massive prolapse of the rectum.  Ann Surg. 1963;  157 259-264
• 14 Roberts P L, Schoetz D J, Coller J A, Veindenheimer M C. Ripstein procedure. Lahey Clinic experience: 1963-1985.  Arch Surg. 1988;  123 554-557
• 15 Ripstein C B. Procidentia: definitive corrective surgery.  Dis Colon Rectum. 1972;  15 334-346
• 16 Tjandra J J, Fazio V W, Church J M, Milson J W, Oakley J R, Lavery I C. Ripstein procedure is an effective treatment for rectal prolapse without constipation.  Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;  36 501-507
• 17 Schultz I, Mellgren A, Dolk A, Johansson C, Holmstrom B. Long- term results and functional outcomes after Ripstein rectopexy.  Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;  43 35-43
• 18 Morgan C N, Porter N H, Klugman D J. Ivalon (polyvinyl alcohol) sponge in the repair of complete rectal prolapse.  Br J Surg. 1972;  59 841-846
• 19 Penfold J CB, Hawley P R. Experience of Ivalon-sponge implant for complete rectal prolapse at St. Mark's Hospital, 1960-1970.  Br J Surg. 1972;  59 846-848
• 20 Yoshioka K, Heyen F, Keighley M RB. Functional results after abdominal rectopexy for rectal prolapse.  Dis Colon Rectum. 1989;  32 835-838
• 21 Aitola P T, Hiltunen K M, Matikainen M J. Functional results of operative treatment of rectal prolapse over an 11-year period: emphasis on trans-abdominal approach.  Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;  42 655-660
• 22 Cutait D. Sacro-promontory fixation of the rectum for complete rectal prolapse.  Proc R Soc Med. 1959;  52(Suppl) 105
• 23 Blatchford G J, Perry R E, Thorson A G, Christensen M A. Rectopexy without resection for rectal prolapse.  Am J Surg. 1989;  158 574-576
• 24 Graf W, Karlbom U, Pahlman L, Nilsson S, Ejerblad S. Functional results after abdominal suture rectopexy for rectal prolapse or intussusception.  Eur J Surg. 1996;  162 905-911
• 25 Khanna A K, Misra M K, Kumar K. Simplified sutured sacral rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse in adults.  Eur J Surg. 1996;  162 143-146
• 26 Briel J W, Schouten W R, Boerma M O. Long-term results of suture rectopexy in patients with fecal incontinence associated with incomplete rectal prolapse.  Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;  40 1228-1232
• 27 Frykman H M. Abdominal proctopexy and primary sigmoid resection for rectal procidentia.  Am J Surg. 1955;  90 780-789
• 28 Husa A, Salinio P, Von Smitten K. Abdominal rectopexy and sigmoid resection (Frykman-Goldberg operation) for rectal prolapse.  Acta Chir Scand. 1988;  154 221-224
• 29 Luukkonen P, Mikkonen U, Jarvinen H. Abdominal rectopexy with sigmoidectomy vs rectopexy alone for rectal prolapse: a progressive randomized study.  Int J Colorectal Dis. 1992;  7 219-222
• 30 McKee R F, Lauder J C, Poon F W, Aichison M A, Finlay I G. A prospective randomized study of abdominal rectopexy with and without sigmoidectomy in rectal prolapse.  Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1992;  174 145-148
• 31 Huber F T, Stein H, Siewert J R. Functional results after treatment of rectal prolapse with rectopexy and sigmoid resection.  World J Surg. 1995;  19 138-143
• 32 Yakut M, Kaymakcioglu N, Simsek A, Tan A, Sen D. Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse. A retrospective analysis of 94 cases.  Int Surg. 1998;  83 53-55
• 33 Ashari L H, Lumley J W, Stevenson A RL, Stitz R W. Laparoscopic assisted resection rectopexy for rectal prolapse: ten year experience.  Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;  48 982-987
• 34 Kariv Y, Delaney C P, Casillas S et al.. Long term outcomes after laparoscopic and open surgery for rectal prolapse.  Surg Endosc. 2006;  20 35-42
• 35 Purkayastha S, Tekkis P, Athanasiou T et al.. A comparison of open vs lap abdominal rectopexy for full-thickness rectal prolapse: A meta-analysis.  Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;  48 1930-1940