A Concise Diastereoselective Approach to the Left-Hand Side of Batzelladine A

Abstract

A highly diastereoselective three-component coupling reaction has been used in a concise approach to the left-hand side of batzelladine A. The stereoselectivity of this reaction, along with related observations described herein, provides insight into the mechanism of this reaction.

multicomponent reactions - alkaloids - imines - stereoselectivity - isothiocyanates

References and Notes

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<A NAME="RD15408ST-15">15</A>

( Z )-Methyl [3-Methoxycarbonylamino)-3-phenyl-2-pyrrolidin-2-ylidene]propionate (16)
Methyl N-phenylmethylenecarbamate (15, 62 mg, 0.38 mmol) was added to a solution of (Z)-pyrrolidin-2-ylidene-acetic acid methyl ester (11, 54 mg, 0.38 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at r.t. overnight, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by flash column chromatography (eluent: hexane-EtOAc, 2:1; R _f = 0.4) to give the title compound (78 mg, 67%) as a colourless oil. HRMS: m/z calcd for C₁₆H₂₁N₂O₄ [M]: 305.1501. Found: 305.1515 [MH⁺]. ^¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 8.27 (1 H, br s, NH), 7.21-7.18 (4 H, m, J = 4.2 Hz, arom. CH), 7.14-7.08 (1 H, m, arom. CH), 5.91 (1 H, app. br d, J = 9.4 Hz, NH), 5.11 (1 H, d, J = 10.0 Hz, CHPh), 3.65 (3 H, s, Me), 3.54-3.50 (2 H, m, CH₂N), 3.42 (3 H, s, Me), 3.05 (1 H, ddd, J = 16.8, 8.6, 6.9 Hz, one of CH₂), 2.70 (1 H, ddd, J = 16.8, 8.8, 7.1 Hz, one of CH₂C=C) and 2.00-1.94 (2 H, m, CH₂). ^¹³C NMR (62.5 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 169.7 (C=O), 166.2 (C=O), 157.1 (C=CCO₂Me), 143.2 (arom. C), 128.0 (arom. CH), 126.3 (arom. CH), 125.8 (arom. CH), 90.1 (C=CCO₂Me), 53.6 (CH), 52.0 (CH₃), 50.1 (CH₃), 47.5 (CH₂), 31.5 (CH₂), 21.7 (CH₂). MS (TOF AP⁺): m/z (%) = 305 (22) [MH⁺], 230 (100), 195 (43).

<A NAME="RD15408ST-16">16</A>

( Z )-Ethyl 3-(Cyanoamino)-2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)oct-anoate (18)
Cyanamide (16 mg, 0.4 mmol) was added to a solution of hexanal (48 µL, 0.4 mmol) in dry CH₂Cl₂ (4 mL) under N₂, and the resulting suspension was stirred at 25 ˚C for 30 min. A solution of (Z)-pyrrolidin-2-ylidene-acetic acid ethyl ester (17, 60 mg, 0.4 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ˚C for 3 h. The solvent was then removed in vacuo to afford the title compound as a pale yellow gum (94 mg, 87% crude yield). ^¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 8.26 (1 H, br s, NH), 4.37 (1 H, br s, NHCN), 4.00-4.18 (2 H, m, CO₂CH₂), 3.75 (1 H, app. q, J = 7.4 Hz, CHNHCN), 3.50 (2 H, app. t, J = 7.0 Hz, CH ₂NH), 2.78 (1 H, ddd, J = 16.1, 9.1, 7.0 Hz, one of CH₂C=C), 2.58 (1 H, ddd, J = 16.1, 9.2, 6.9 Hz, one of CH₂C=C), 1.89-2.03 (2 H, m, pyrrolidine CH ₂CH₂NH), 1.64-1.85 (2 H, m, CH ₂CHNHCN), 1.14-1.26 [9 H, m, (CH₂)₃ and CO₂CH₂CH ₃], 0.81 (3 H, t, J = 6.9 Hz, CH ₃CH₂-alkyl). ^¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 169.0 (ester C=O), 166.0 (C=CCO₂Et), 117.3 (NHCºN), 88.3 (C=CCO₂Et), 59.0 (CO₂ CH₂), 47.3 (CHNHCN), 35.2 (CH₂NH), 31.6 (CH₂C=C), 31.5 (CH₂CHNHCN), 26.6 (CH₂CH₂NH), 22.5 (CH₂) 22.4 (CH₂), 21.6 (CH₃ CH₂-alkyl), 14.6 (CO₂CH₂ CH₃), 13.9 (CH₃CH₂-alkyl).

<A NAME="RD15408ST-17">17</A>

Methyl (5 S )-1,2,3,5,6,7-Hexahydro-3-(9- tert -butyl-diphenylsilyloxynonyl)-5-hydroxy-1-thioxo-pyrrolo[1,2- c ]pyrimidine-4-carboxylate (25) Trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate (62 µL, 0.45 mmol) was added to a solution of aldehyde 26 (183 mg, 0.45 mmol) in dry CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) under N₂, and the resulting brown solution was stirred for 30 min at 25 ˚C. A solution of alkylidene-pyrrolidine 24 (70 mg, 0.45 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was then added, and the reaction was stirred for 3 h. The reaction was quenched with ca. 0.1 M aq NaOH solution (20 ml) and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was washed with CH₂Cl₂ (3 × 25 mL), the combined organic layers dried with Na₂SO₄, and the solvent removed in vacuo. The resulting orange gum was purified by column chromatography (eluent: hexane-EtOAc, 2.5:1; R _f = 0.55) to give the title compound (79 mg, 29%) as a yellow gum. HRMS: m/z calcd for C₃₄H₄₉N₂O₄SiS [M]: 609.3182. Found: 609.3196 [MH⁺]. IR (CH₂Cl₂): ν_max = 3401, 3205, 2883, 1675, 1629, 1531, 1462, 1416, 1324 and 1255 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 7.70-7.55 (4 H, m, arom. CH), 7.41-7.28 (6 H, m, arom. CH), 6.99 (1 H, br s, NH), 5.20 (1 H, br s, OH), 5.10 (1 H, app. t, J = 8.0 Hz, CHOH), 4.24 (1 H, app. dt, J = 7.8, 3.8 Hz, CHNH), 4.06 (1 H, ddd, J = 11.6, 8.8, 3.3 Hz, one of CH₂NCS), 3.89 (1 H, ddd, J = 11.6, 9.0, 8.0 Hz, one of CH₂NCS), 3.65 (3 H, s, CO₂CH₃), 3.58 (2 H, t, J = 6.5 Hz, CH ₂OTBDPS), 2.40-2.33 (1 H, m, one of CH ₂CHOH), 2.00-1.95 (1 H, m, one of CH ₂CHOH), 1.54-1.40 (6 H, m, 3 × CH₂) and 1.36-1.10 [19 H, m, 5 × CH₂ and ((CH ₃)₃C]. ^¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): d = 175.3 (C=S), 166.2 (C=O), 153.2 (C=CCO₂Me), 139.8 (arom. C), 134.6 (arom. CH), 128.5 (arom. CH), 126.6 (arom. CH), 99.6 (C=CCO₂Me), 71.2 (CHOH), 63.0 (CH₂OTBDPS), 51.2 (CO₂ CH₃), 50.9 (CH-alkyl), 48.7 (CH₂NC=S), 36.1 (pyrrolidine CH₂CHOH), 31.6 (CH₂CH-NH), 28.8 (CH₂), 28.6 (CH₂), 28.4 (CH₂), 28.2 (CH₂), 28.1 (CH₂), 25.9 [(CH₃)₃C], 24.8 (CH₂), 23.0 (CH₂), 18.2 [(CH₃)₃ C]. MS (ES⁺): m/z (%) = 609 (25) [MH⁺], 577 (32), 279 (100). [a]_D -30 (c 1, CH₂Cl₂).

<A NAME="RD15408ST-18">18</A> Duron SG. Gin DY. Org. Lett.  2001,  3:  1551 

<A NAME="RD15408ST-19A">19a</A>

There is precedent for the deoxygenation of a secondary alcohol in the presence of an S-methylisothiourea, see ref. 19b. While we have been able to successfully S-methylate compound 25, the subsequent xanthate formation proved troublesome, and these studies are ongoing.

<A NAME="RD15408ST-19B">19b</A> Buenger GS. Nair V. Synthesis  1990,  962