Temporomandibular Dysfunction in High Heels Wearing Viennese Female Students

Abstract

Purpose: This cross-sectional study intended to examine the impact of wearing high heels on symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) in a sample of Viennese female students.

Materials and Methods: 90 consecutive Viennese female students (mean age: 27±4, 20–35 years) were included. Wearing attitudes of high-heeled shoes were evaluated by a questionnaire. The women were asked for age at onset of usage (years), duration of usage (years), frequency of usage (days/week, hours/day) as well as the heel height (centimeters). To evaluate severity of TMD the Helkimo-Index was assessed. Wearing behaviour was correlated to the Helkimo-Index using a multivariable linear regression analysis.

Results: Age at onset (p<0.001), duration of usage (years, p<0.001), frequency of usage (hours per day, p=0.019), and the height of the heel (p<0.001) independently predicted in a multivariable linear regression analysis the Helkimo-Index. Frequency of usage (days per week, p=0.303) showed no significant influences on Helkimo-Index, most likely due to its high correlation with the other predictors. The Helkimo-Index is well predictable from our model as revealed by a coefficient of determination (adjusted R-square) of 63%.

Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that wearing high heels seems to have a negative influence on temporomandibular function in a sample of Viennese female students.

Zusammenfassung

Fragestellung: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war der Vergleich des Trageverhaltens von Stöckelschuhen mit der temporomandibulären Funktion bei jungen Wiener Studentinnen.

Material und Methode: In die vorliegende Studie wurden 90 Studentinnen (27a±4, 20–35 Jahre) konsekutiv eingeschlossen. Das Trageverhalten der Stöckelschuhe wurde mittels eines Fragebogens erfasst. Dabei wurde nach Dauer (in Jahren), Frequenz (Tage/Woche, Stunden/Tag), sowie nach der Absatzhöhe der Stöckelschuhe (in cm) gefragt. Anschließend wurde der sog. Helkimo-Index zur Beurteilung der temporomandibulären Funktion bzw. des Ausmaßes einer temporomandibulären Dysfunktion erhoben. Statistisch wurden die Variablen (Tragedauer, Tragefrequenz, Absatzhöhe) mittels eines Pearson-Korrelationskoeffizienten verglichen. Der Effekt dieser Variablen auf den Helkimo-Index wurde mittels einer multivariablen, linearen Regressionsanalyse berechnet.

Resultate: Das Alter der Probandinnen korrelierte positiv mit den Variablen Tragedauer (in Jahren) (r=0,86), Tragefrequenz (Tage/Woche: r=0,48, Stunden/Tag: r=0,43) sowie Absatzhöhe (r=0,61). Weiters zeigte sich eine positive Korrelation der Absatzhöhe der getragenen Stöckelschuhe mit den Variablen Tragedauer (r=0,63) und Tragefrequenz (Tage/Woche: r=0,57, Stunden/Tag: r=0,46). Zusätzlich wurden positive Korrelationen zwischen der Tragedauer der Stöckelschuhe (in Jahren) mit der Tragefrequenz (Tage/Woche: r=0,41, Stunden/Tag: r=0,51) gefunden. Die Variablen Alter (p<0,001), Tragedauer (p<0,001), Tragefrequenz (Stunden/Tag) (p=0,019) und Absatzhöhe (p<0,001) zeigten beim vorliegenden Probandenkollektiv bei der linearen multivariablen Regressionsanalyse einen unabhängigen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Werte des Helkimo-Index. Die Tragefrequenz (Tage/Woche) beeinflusste den Helkimo-Index (p=0,303) lediglich tendenziell, möglicherweise aufgrund des starken Einflusses der anderen o.g. Prädiktoren.

Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Untersuchung weisen darauf hin, dass das Tragen von Stöckelschuhen bei Wiener Studentinnen die temporomandibuläre Funktion negativ zu beeinflussen scheint.

Key words

high heels - Helkimo-Index - female Viennese students - correlation

Schlüsselwörter

Stöckelschuhe - Helkimo-Index - Wiener Studentinnen - Zusammenhang

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Correspondence