1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose from Galla Rhois Protects Primary Rat Hepatocytes from Necrosis and Apoptosis

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of four compounds from Galla Rhois [gallic acid methyl ester, gallic acid, an equilibrium mixture of 3-galloyl-gallic acid and 4-galloyl-gallic acid isomers, and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG)] in primary rat hepatocytes undergoing necrosis or apoptosis. Treatment with gallic acid methyl ester (12.5 and 50 μM) or PGG (3.125, 12.5 and 50 μM) reduced hepatocyte necrosis induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. PGG treatment (4 and 20 μM) also altered hepatocyte apoptosis induced by glycochenodeoxycholic acid. Based on these results, we propose that PGG warrants further evaluation as a hepatoprotective agent, because it protected primary rat hepatocytes from both necrosis and apoptosis.

Abbreviations

GA:gallic acid

GAME:gallic acid methyl ester

GCDC:glycochenodeoxycholic acid

GGA:equilibrium mixture of 3-galloyl-gallic and 4-galloyl-gallic acids

JNK:c-jun-NH₂-terminal kinase

LDH:lactate dehydrogenase

PARP:poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase

PGG:1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose

tBH:tert-butyl hydroperoxide

Key words

Galla Rhois - Rhus javanica L. - Anacardiaceae - 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose - hepatocytes - necrosis/apoptosis

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