Das Potenzial PCR-basierter Markermethoden zur Identifizierung von Arzneipflanzen

Zusammenfassung

Molekularbiologische Methoden sind mittlerweile in der analytischen Praxis weitverbreitet und werden z.B. bei der Sortencharakterisierung in der Landwirtschaft eingesetzt. Hinsichtlich der Anwendung bei Stoffen, Zubereitungen und Fertigarzneimitteln aus pflanzlichem Material besteht das Problem, dass die DNA im Verlauf des Herstellungsprozesses in unterschiedlichem Maße abgebaut werden kann. Daher sind die Ergebnisse von PCR-Techniken, die auf zufälligen Primern basieren, nur schlecht reproduzierbar und für die Identifizierung der jeweiligen Arzneipflanzen weniger geeignet. Am Beispiel der Kamille und einiger möglicher Verfälschungen wird gezeigt, dass die Untersuchung der sogenannten ITS-Region mit PCR-Techniken die Möglichkeit bietet, auch in prozessierten Drogen das eingesetzte Pflanzenmaterial zu identifizieren. Die vorgestellte Methode ist auf eine einfache und robuste Anwendung an einer Vielzahl von Pflanzenmaterialien optimiert, sodass damit gängige analytische Verfahren zur Identifizierung von Arzneipflanzen ergänzt werden können.

Summary

The potential of PCR-based marker methods to identify medicinal plants

Methods from molecular biology are now widely applied in analytical praxis. They are routinely used to address problems in forensic or to characterise cultivars in agriculture. The degradation of DNA during intensive processing is a major obstacle concerning the application of herbal substances, herbal preparations and finished herbal medicinal products. Therefore, results of PCR-techniques based on random primers are less reproducible and not always suitable in identifying medicinal plants. For chamomile and putative adulterations, it is demonstrated that the application of PCR-techniques to amplify ITS-regions is a suitable approach for plant material identification including highly processed products. The method was optimised especially with respect to a simple and robust application on a broad variety of plant material in order to complement existing analytical methods for identification of medicinal plants.

Schlüsselwörter

Arzneipflanzen - pflanzliche Fertigarzneimittel - Qualitätskontrolle - Identifizierung - rRNA Gen-Cluster - Sequenzierung - ITS

Key words

Quality control - identification - herbal medicinal products - rRNA gene cluster - comparative sequencing - ITS

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