RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1160/TH03-07-0423
Beneficial effects of vitamins D and K on the elastic properties of the vessel wall in postmenopausal women: a follow-up study
Financial support: This study was supported by Novartis Consumer Health SA (Nyon, Switzerland).Publikationsverlauf
Received
01. Juli 2003
Accepted after revision
01. Januar 2003
Publikationsdatum:
01. Dezember 2017 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00035024/200402/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1160-th03-07-0423-1.jpg)
Summary
Matrix-Gla Protein (MGP) is a strong inhibitor of vascular calcification, the expression of which is vitamin D dependent. MGP contains five γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-residues which are formed in a vitamin K-dependent carboxylation step and which are essential for its function. Hence vascular vitamin K-deficiency will result in undercarboxylated, inactive MGP which is a potential risk factor for calcification. In the present study we describe the effects of vitamin K1 and D supplementation on vascular properties in postmenopausal women. In a randomized placebo-controlled intervention study, 181 postmenopausal women were given either a placebo or a supplement containing minerals and vitamin D (MD-group), or the same supplement with vitamin K1 (MDK-group). 150 participants completed the study and analysis was performed on 108 participants. At baseline and after three years, vessel wall characteristics, including compliance coefficient (CC), distensibility coefficient (DC), intima-media thickness (IMT) and the Young’s Modulus (E) were measured to assess the effect of the supplements on the change of these parameters. The results showed that the elastic properties of the common carotid artery in the MDK-group remained unchanged over the three-year period, but decreased in the MDand placebo-group. Comparing the MDKand placebo-group, there were significant differences in decrease of DC (8.8%; p<0.05), CC (8.6%; p<0.05), and in increase of PP (6.3%; p<0.05) and E (13.2%, p<0.01).There were no significant differences between the MD-group and placebo. No significant differences were observed in the change of IMT between the three groups. It is concluded that a supplement containing vitamins K1 and D has a beneficial effect on the elastic properties of the arterial vessel wall.
-
References
- 1 Vermeer C. Gamma-carboxyglutamatecontaining proteins and the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. Biochem J 1990; 266: 625-36.
- 2 Price PA, Faus SA, Williamson MK. Warfarin causes rapid calcification of the elastic lamellae in rat arteries and heart valves. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18: 1400-7.
- 3 Shanahan CM, Proudfoot D, Farzaneh-Far A. et al. The role of gla proteins in vascular calcification. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 1998; 08: 357-75.
- 4 Shearer MJ. Role of vitamin K and Gla proteins in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis and vascular calcification. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2000; 03: 433-8.
- 5 Shanahan CM, Cary NR, Metcalfe JC. et al. High expression of genes for calcification-regulating proteins in human atherosclerotic plaques. J Clin Invest 1994; 93: 2393-402.
- 6 Shanahan CM, Cary NR, Salisbury JR. et al. Medial localization of mineralization-regulating proteins in association with Monckeberg’s sclerosis: evidence for smooth muscle cellmediated vascular calcification. Circulation 1999; 100: 2168-76.
- 7 Schurgers LJ, Dissel PEP, Spronk HMH. et al. Role of vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent proteins in vascular calcification. Z Kardiol 2001; 90: 57-63.
- 8 Luo G, Ducy P, McKee MD. et al. Spontaneous calcification of arteries and cartilage in mice lacking matrix GLA protein. Nature 1997; 385: 78-81.
- 9 Fraser JD, Price PA. Induction of matrix Gla protein synthesis during prolonged 1,25- dihy-droxyvitamin D3 treatment of osteosarcoma cells. Calcif Tissue Int 1990; 46: 270-9.
- 10 Jie KS, Bots ML, Vermeer C. et al. Vitamin K intake and osteocalcin levels in women with and without aortic atherosclerosis: a population-based study. Atherosclerosis 1995; 116: 117-23.
- 11 Geleijnse J, Vermeer C, Schurgers LJ. et al. Inverse association of dietary vitamin K2- intake with cardiac events and aortic atherosclerotic: The Rotterdam Study. Thromb Haemost 2001; Supplement ISTH XVIII: P473.
- 12 Salonen R, Salonen JT. Progression of carotid atherosclerosis and its determinants: a population-based ultrasonography study. Atherosclerosis 1990; 81: 33-40.
- 13 Salonen JT, Salonen R. Ultrasonographically assessed carotid morphology and the risk of coronary heart disease. Arterioscler Thromb 1991; 11: 1245-9.
- 14 O’Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA. et al. Thickening of the carotid wall. A marker for atherosclerosis in the elderly? Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Stroke 1996; 27: 224-31.
- 15 Bots ML, Hofman A, De Jong PT. et al. Common carotid intima-media thickness as an indicator of atherosclerosis at other sites of the carotid artery. The Rotterdam Study. Ann Epidemiol 1996; 06: 147-53.
- 16 Bots ML, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. Increased common carotid intima-media thickness. Adaptive response or a reflection of atherosclerosis? Findings from the Rotterdam Study. Stroke 1997; 28: 2442-7.
- 17 Hoeks APG, Reneman RS. Biophysical principles of vascular diagnosis. J Clin Ultrasound 1995; 23: 71-9.
- 18 Hansen F, Mangell P, Sonesson B. et al. Diameter and compliance in the human common carotid artery–variations with age and sex. Ultrasound Med Biol 1995; 21: 1-9.
- 19 Hoeks APG, Brands PJ, Smeets FA. et al. Assessment of the distensibility of superficial arteries. Ultrasound Med Biol 1990; 16: 121-8.
- 20 Kool MJF, van Merode T, Reneman RS. et al. Evaluation of reproducibility of a vessel wall movement detector system for assessment of large artery properties. Cardiovascular Research 1994; 28: 610-4.
- 21 Hoeks APG, Willekes C, Boutouyrie P. et al. Automated detection of local artery wall thickness based on M-line signal processing. Ultrasound Med Biol 1997; 23: 1017-23.
- 22 Willekes C, Hoeks APG, Bots ML. et al. Evaluation of off-line automated intima-media thickness detection of the common carotid artery based on M-line signal processing. Ultrasound Med Biol 1999; 25: 57-64.
- 23 Kawashima H, Nakajima Y, Matubara Y. et al. Effects of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) on atherosclerosis and blood coagulation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Jpn J Pharmacol 1997; 75: 135-43.
- 24 Nagasawa Y, Fujii M, Kajimoto Y. et al. Vitamin K2 and serum cholesterol in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Lancet 1998; 351: 724.
- 25 Knapen MHJ, Hamulyak K, Vermeer C. The effect of vitamin K supplementation on circulating osteocalcin (bone Gla protein) and urinary calcium excretion. Ann Intern Med 1989; 111: 1001-5.
- 26 Price PA, Williamson MK. Primary structure of bovine matrix Gla protein, a new vitamin K-dependent bone protein. J Biol Chem 1985; 260: 14971-5.
- 27 Dart AM, Lacombe F, Yeoh JK. et al. Aortic distensibility in patients with isolated hypercholesterolaemia, coronary artery disease, or cardiac transplant. Lancet 1991; 338: 270-3.
- 28 Hirai T, Sasayama S, Kawasaki T. et al. Stiffness of systemic arteries in patients with myocardial infarction. A noninvasive method to predict severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 1989; 80: 78-86.
- 29 Blacher J, Guerin AP, Pannier B. et al. Arterial calcifications, arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk in end-stage renal disease. Hypertension 2001; 38: 938-42.