Two parallel prothrombin activator systems in Australian rough-scaled snake, Tropidechis carinatus

Md. Abu Reza; Sanjay Swarup; Manjunatha R. Kini

doi:10.1160/TH04-07-0435

Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Table of Contents

Thromb Haemost 2005; 93(01): 40-47
DOI: 10.1160/TH04-07-0435

Blood Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Cellular Haemostasis

Schattauer GmbH

Two parallel prothrombin activator systems in Australian rough-scaled snake, Tropidechis carinatus

Structural comparison of venom prothrombin activator with blood coagulation factor X

Authors

Md. Abu Reza

¹Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Sanjay Swarup

¹Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Manjunatha R. Kini

¹Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore

²Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia USA

Abstract

Summary

It is uncommon for similar pathways/systems to be involved in highly divergent functions within single organisms. Earlier, we have shown that trocarin D, a venom prothrombin activator, from the Australian rough-scaled snake Tropidechis carinatus, is structurally and functionally similar to the blood coagulation factor Xa (FXa). The presence of a haemostatic system in these snakes implies that they have two parallel prothrombin activating systems: one in the plasma, that participates in the life saving process of blood clotting and the other in their venom, where it acts as a toxin. Here, we report the complete cDNA sequence encoding the blood coagulation factor X (FX) from the liver of T. carinatus. Deduced T. carinatus FX sequence shows ~80% identity with trocarin D but ~50% identity with the mammalian FX. Our present study confirms the presence of two separate genes – one each for FX and trocarin D, that code for similar proteins in T. carinatus snake. These two genes have different expression sites and divergent uses suggesting that snake venom prothrombin activators have probably evolved by the duplication of the liver FX gene and subsequently marked for tissue-specific expression in the venom gland.

Keywords

Prothrombin activation - factor X - haemostasis - snake venom

Full Text

References

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