Blood Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Cellular Haemostasis
Schattauer GmbH
Severe haemophilia B due to a 6 kb factor IX gene deletion including exon 4: Non-homologous recombination associated with a shortened transcript from whole blood
Ting-Chang Hsu
1
Puget Sound Blood Center and the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
,
Shelley M. Nakaya
1
Puget Sound Blood Center and the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
,
Arthur R. Thompson
1
Puget Sound Blood Center and the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
› Author AffiliationsFinancial support: This study was supported in part by NIH R01HL071093–01A2, and by a Judith Graham Pool Fellowship from the National Hemophilia Foundation for Dr. Hsu.
In genotyping a severe hemophilia B subject, exons 1–3 and 5–8 were normal. Exon 4 did not amplify, suggesting a partial gene deletion. Previously, a French family with an exon 4 deletion had severe haemophilia B with a circulating, dysfunctional factor IX protein missing its first growth factor-like domain; breakpoints were not analyzed. Using a 5’ primer for exon 3 and a 3’ primer for exon 5 fragments, the subject’s factor IX gene amplified a 5 kb fragment whereas 11 kb was predicted, indicating a 6 kb deletion. Restriction endonucleases localized the 3’ intron 4 deletion breakpoint to 1.2 kb 5’ to exon 5. Sequencing through the breakpoints revealed a 5,969 bp deletion that included exon 4 and was accompanied by a 13 bp duplication inserted near the 3’ breakpoint site. Haemophilia was familial; on testing, his mother was confirmed as a heterozygous carrier, whereas his sister was homozygous for the normal, larger fragments. As exons 4 and 5 of the factor IX gene are in frame, this deletion should produce a shortened transcript, missing 114 bp (38 codons from the first growth factor-like domain). Reverse transcription of mRNA prepared from whole blood and PCR identified the shorter cDNA fragment. Western blotting demonstrated a smaller factor IX protein.
Keywords
Deletion breakpoints -
ectopic mRNA -
exon 4 -
factor IX gene -
haemophilia B
2
Vidaud M,
Chabret C,
Gazengel C.
et al. A de novo intragenic deletion of the potential EGF domain of the factor IX gene in a family with severe hemophilia B. Blood 1986; 68: 961-963.
3
Yoshitake S,
Schach BG,
Foster DC.
et al. Nucleotide sequence of the gene for human factor IX (antihemophilic factor B). Biochemistry 1985; 24: 3736-3750.
4
Chen SH,
Scott CR.
Recombination between two 14-bp homologous sequences as the mechanism for gene deletion in factor IX Seattle 1. Am J Hum Genet 1990; 47: 1020-1022.
6
Ludwig M,
Grimm T,
Brackmann HH.
et al. Parental origin of factor IX gene mutations, and their distribution in the gene. Am J Hum Genet 1992; 50: 164-173.
8
Li X,
Drost JB,
Roberts S.
et al. Factor IX mutations in South Africans and African Americans are compatible with primarily endogenous influences upon recent germline mutations. Hum Mutat 2000; 16: 371.
9
Green PM,
Bentley DR,
Mibashan RS.
et al. Partial deletion by illegitimate recombination of the factor IX gene in a haemophilia B family with two inhibitor patients. Mol Biol Med 1988; 5: 95-106.
11
Green PM,
Rowley G,
Giannelli F.
Unusual expression of the F9 gene in peripheral lymphocytes hinders investigation of F9 mRNA in hemophilia B patients. J Thromb Haemost 2003; 1: 2675-2676.
12
Cutler JA,
Mitchell MJ,
Savidge GF.
More on: unusual expression of the F9 gene in peripheral lymphocytes hinders investigation of F9 mRNA in hemophilia B patients. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2: 1021.
13
Van de Water NS,
Tan T,
May S.
et al. Factor IX polypyrimidine tract mutation analysis using mRNA from peripheral blood leukocytes. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2: 2073-2075.
15
Bajaj SP,
Thompson AR.
Molecular and Structural biology of factor IX. In: Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia; 2006; 131-150.
16
Zhong D,
Smith KJ,
Birktoft JJ.
et al. First epidermal growth factor-like domain of human blood coagulation factor IX is required for its activation by factor VIIa/tissue factor but not by factor XIa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 3574-3578.
17
Abeysinghe SS,
Chuzhanova N,
Krawczak M.
et al. Translocation and gross deletion breakpoints in human inherited disease and cancer I: Nucleotide composition and recombination-associated motifs. Hum Mutat 2003; 22: 229-244.
18
Liu Q,
Li X,
Chen JS.
et al. Robust dosage-PCR for detection of heterozygous chromosomal deletions. Biotechniques 2003; 34: 558-562 565–566, 568 passim.
19
Pavlova A,
Schroder J,
Delev D.
et al. Rapid and sensitive detection of heterozygous deletions of one or more exons in hemophilia A females by multiplex PCR and DHPLC technique. Haemophilia 2006; 12 (Suppl. 02) 11.