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Thromb Haemost 2007; 97(06): 1023-1030
DOI: 10.1160/TH06-12-0712
Cellular Proteolysis and Oncology
Schattauer GmbH

Activated coagulation factors in human malignant effusions and their contribution to cancer cell metastasis and therapy

Frank Gieseler
1   University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
,
Inke Lühr
2   Germany; Department of Pharmacy, University of Kiel, Germany
,
Thomas Kunze
2   Germany; Department of Pharmacy, University of Kiel, Germany
,
Christoph Mundhenke
1   University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
,
Nicolai Maass
1   University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
,
Tobias Erhart
2   Germany; Department of Pharmacy, University of Kiel, Germany
,
Momme Denker
2   Germany; Department of Pharmacy, University of Kiel, Germany
,
Dennis Beckmann
1   University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
,
Markus Tiemann
3   Institution for Hematopathology, Fangdieck, Hamburg, Germany
,
Christoph Schulte
3   Institution for Hematopathology, Fangdieck, Hamburg, Germany
,
Peter Dohrmann
1   University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
,
Françoise Cavaillé
4   INSERM U515
,
François Godeau
4   INSERM U515
,
Christian Gespach
5   U673 Molecular and Clinical Oncology, Paris VI University, Hospital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 12 December 2006

Accepted after revision 15 March 2007

Publication Date:
27 November 2017 (online)

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Summary

We have shown that the thrombin G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) designated as protease-activated receptors (PAR-1) are expressed in primary cancer cells isolated from peritoneal and pleural malignant effusions. Here, our main goal was to evaluate several coagulation and thrombin activation effectors and markers in a series of 136 malignant effusions from cancer patients with gastrointestinal, lung and mammary carcinomas. All these patients present a highly activated coagulation system in blood and their malignant effusions, as indicated by high levels of prothrombin F1.2 fragments and D-dimers. Notably, we detected in the effusions all the coagulation factors of the tissue factor pathway inducing thrombin activation, namely factorsVII, V, X and II, as well as high VEGF levels and IGF-II in mature and precursor forms. Fibrin clot formation also correlated with higher levels of free ionized calcium (iCa), suggesting that iCa and its binding protein albumin are regulatory factors for fibrinogenesis in effusions. Consequently, thrombin,VEGF and IGFII appear to converge in the promotion of survival and invasivity of the metastatic cancer cells from blood to the malignant effusions. Thus, we add new insights on the interconnections between blood coagulation disorders in cancer patients and thrombin activation in malignant effusions, including their functional interaction with PAR in metastatic cancer cells. Based on these data we propose to counteract the metastatic cascades by targeted invalidation of key effectors of the coagulation system. Therefore, potential therapeutic approaches include the application of thrombin protease inhibitors, VEGF-blocking antibodies, and drugs targeting the VEGF and thrombin signaling pathways, such as tyrosine kinase or GPCR inhibitors.

Keywords

Thrombin - PAR-1 - chemoresistance - invasion and survival
 

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