Anti-apoptotic roles of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as a neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system

Shinji Soeda; Satoru Koyanagi; Yukako Kuramoto; Masahiko Kimura; Masatoshi Oda; Tomohiro Kozako; Satoru Hayashida; Hiroshi Shimeno

doi:10.1160/TH08-04-0259

Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Thromb Haemost 2008; 100(06): 1014-1020
DOI: 10.1160/TH08-04-0259

Theme Issue Article

Schattauer GmbH

Anti-apoptotic roles of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as a neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system

Shinji Soeda

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan

,

Satoru Koyanagi

²Pharmaceutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

,

Yukako Kuramoto

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan

,

Masahiko Kimura

³Medical Informatics and Research Units, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan

,

Masatoshi Oda

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan

,

Tomohiro Kozako

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan

,

Satoru Hayashida

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan

,

Hiroshi Shimeno

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Summary

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a member of the ser-pin gene family, is the primary inhibitor of urokinase-type and tissue-type PA s.PA I-1 plays an important role in the process of peripheral tissue remodeling and fibrinolysis through the regulation of PA activity. This serpin is also produced in brain tissues and may regulate the neural protease sequence in the central nervous system (CNS), as it does in peripheral tissues. In fact, PA I-1 mRNA is up-regulated in mouse brain after stroke.The serpin activity of PA I-1 helps to prevent tissue-type PA -induced neuron death.However, we have previously found that PAI-1 has a novel biological function in the CNS: the contribution to survival of neurites on neurons. In neuronally differentiated rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells, a deficiency of PA I-1 in vitro caused a significant reduction in Bcl-2 and Bcl-X_L mRNAs and an increase in Bcl-X_S and Bax mRNAs.The change in the balance between mRNA expressions of the anti- and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins promoted the apoptotic sequence: cas-pase-3 activation, cytochrome c release from mitochondria and DNA fragmentation. Our results indicate that PA I-1 has an antiapoptotic role in neurons.PAI-1 prevented the disintegration of the formed neuronal networks by maintaining or promoting neuroprotective signaling through the MAPK/ ERK pathway, suggesting that the neuroprotective effect of PAI-1 is independent of its action as a protease inhibitor. This review discusses the neuroprotective effects of PA I-1 in vitro, together with the relevant data from other laboratories. Special emphasis is placed on its action on PC-12 cells.

Keywords

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 - neurotrophic factor - ERKrelated pathway - astrocytes - PC-12 cells

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