The technique of measuring thrombin generation with fluorescent substrates: 4. The H-transform, a mathematical procedure to obtain thrombin concentrations without external calibration

Coen H. Hemker; Pieter W. Hemker; Raed Al Dieri

doi:10.1160/TH08-09-0562

Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Table of Contents

Thromb Haemost 2009; 101(01): 171-177
DOI: 10.1160/TH08-09-0562

New Technologies, Diagnostic Tools and Drugs

Schattauer GmbH

The technique of measuring thrombin generation with fluorescent substrates: 4. The H-transform, a mathematical procedure to obtain thrombin concentrations without external calibration

Coen H. Hemker

¹Synapse BV, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

,

Pieter W. Hemker

¹Synapse BV, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

,

Raed Al Dieri

¹Synapse BV, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Summary

In fluorogenic thrombin generation (TG) experiments, thrombin concentrations cannot be easily calculated from the rate of the fluorescent signal increase, because the calibration coefficient increases during the experiment, due to substrate consumption and quenching of the fluorescent signal by the product. Continuous, external calibration via an in a parallel sample therefore was hitherto required for an accurate calculation of the TG curve. A technique is presented that allows mathematical transformation of experimental fluorescence intensities into “ideal” data, i.e. in the data that would have been obtained if substrate consumption and quenching by the product would not play a role. The method applies to fluorescence intensities up to 90% of the maximal fluorescent signal corresponding to total substrate conversion and thereby covers the entire region of interest encountered in practice. The first derivative of the transformed signal can then be converted into thrombin concentrations via a conventional, fixed calibration factor. This calibration factor can be obtained from a separate experiment but also by measuring the amidolytic activity of the α₂macroglobulin-thrombin complex present in the reaction mixture (“serum”) after thrombin generation is over. This method halves the amount of sample required per experiment.

Keywords

Thrombin generation - fluorogenic methods - calibration

Full Text

References

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