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Thromb Haemost 2009; 102(06): 1110-1116
DOI: 10.1160/TH09-04-0250
Theme Issue Article
Schattauer GmbH

Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effector mechanisms in human endothelial cells

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase versus inducible nitric oxide synthase
Walter Däubener
1   Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
,
Silvia K. Schmidt
1   Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
,
Kathrin Heseler
1   Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
,
Katrin H. Spekker
1   Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
,
Colin R. MacKenzie
1   Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
› Author AffiliationsFinancial support: This work was supported by the “Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft” and the “Ministerium für Bildung und Forschung” to W.D.
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 10 June 2009

Accepted after minor revision: 28 June 2009

Publication Date:
28 November 2017 (online)

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Summary

In infectious diseases, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is generally accepted as one of the most important inducers of antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects, and both seemingly contradictory effects, can be mediated by the same effector molecules. In detail, several IFN-γ induced enzymes such as the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) also exert this double function. In this review we focus on antimicrobial and immunoregulatory properties of both enzymes expressed by human endothelial cells, which are prominent players in infectious diseases, tumour immunology and transplant medicine.

Keywords

Endothelial cells - inducible nitric oxide synthase - indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase - interferon-gamma - effector mechanisms
 

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