Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effector mechanisms in human endothelial cells

Walter Däubener; Silvia K. Schmidt; Kathrin Heseler; Katrin H. Spekker; Colin R. MacKenzie

doi:10.1160/TH09-04-0250

Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Table of Contents

Thromb Haemost 2009; 102(06): 1110-1116
DOI: 10.1160/TH09-04-0250

Theme Issue Article

Schattauer GmbH

Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effector mechanisms in human endothelial cells

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase versus inducible nitric oxide synthase

Walter Däubener

¹Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

,

Silvia K. Schmidt

¹Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

,

Kathrin Heseler

¹Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

,

Katrin H. Spekker

¹Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

,

Colin R. MacKenzie

¹Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Summary

In infectious diseases, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is generally accepted as one of the most important inducers of antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects, and both seemingly contradictory effects, can be mediated by the same effector molecules. In detail, several IFN-γ induced enzymes such as the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) also exert this double function. In this review we focus on antimicrobial and immunoregulatory properties of both enzymes expressed by human endothelial cells, which are prominent players in infectious diseases, tumour immunology and transplant medicine.

Keywords

Endothelial cells - inducible nitric oxide synthase - indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase - interferon-gamma - effector mechanisms

Full Text

References

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