Organ- and endotheliotropism of Nipah virus infections in vivo and in vitro

Andrea Maisner; james Neufeld; Hana Weingartl

doi:10.1160/TH09-05-0310

Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Table of Contents

Thromb Haemost 2009; 102(06): 1014-1023
DOI: 10.1160/TH09-05-0310

Theme Issue Article

Schattauer GmbH

Organ- and endotheliotropism of Nipah virus infections in vivo and in vitro

Andrea Maisner

¹Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany

,

james Neufeld

²National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Canada

,

Hana Weingartl

²National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Canada

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Summary

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus that was first isolated in 1999 during an outbreak in Malaysia. In contrast to other paramyxoviruses NiV infects many mammalian species. Because of its zoonotic potential, the high pathogenicity and the lack of therapeutic treatment, NiV was classified as a biosafety level 4 pathogen. In humans NiV causes a severe acute encephalitis whereas in some animal hosts respiratory symptoms are predominantly observed. Despite the differences in the clinical outcome, microvascular endothelial cell damage predominantly underlies the pathological changes in NiV infections in all sus-ceptible host species. NiV generally induces a pronounced vasculitis which is primarily characterised by endothelial cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. For future developments of specific antiviral therapies or vaccines, a detailed understanding of the molecular basis of NiV pathogenesis is required.This article reviews the current knowledge about natural and experimental infections in different mammals, focusing on the main organ and cell tropism in vivo, and summarises some recent studies in cell culture on the role of ephrin-B2 and -B3 receptors in NiV infection of endothelial cells.

Keywords

Nipah virus - endothelial cells - cell tropism - organ tropism - ephrin-B2

Full Text

References

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