Download PDF
Thromb Haemost 2015; 113(01): 118-124
DOI: 10.1160/TH14-03-0251
Cellular Haemostasis and Platelets
Schattauer GmbH

Pro-thrombotic effect of exercise in a polluted environment: a P-selectin- and CD63-related platelet activation effect

Aurélien Wauters
1   Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
,
Fatemeh Esmaeilzadeh
1   Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
,
Sandrine Bladt
2   Laboratory of Environmental Research, Institut Bruxellois de Gestion de l’Environnement (IBGE), Belgium
,
Ingrid Beukinga
3   Laboratory of Hematology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
,
Walter Wijns
3   Laboratory of Hematology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
,
Philippe van de Borne
1   Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
,
Olivier Pradier
3   Laboratory of Hematology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
,
Jean-François Argacha
1   Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
› Author Affiliations Financial support: This study was supported and funded by the Fonds Erasme, ULB, Brussels, Belgium (A. Wauters), the “Fonds Docteur et Mme René Tagnon”, Belgium (A. Wauters and J. F. Argacha) and the Astra Zeneca chair for research in chronic cardiac disease, Belgium (P. van de Borne). None of the funding sources intervened in any aspects of the study and there are no conflicts of interest to declare.
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 19 March 2014

Accepted after major revision: 27 August 2014

Publication Date:
27 November 2017 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Summary

Exposure to diesel exhaust is an important cardiovascular risk factor and may promote atherothrombotic events. Some data suggest that polluted air exposure could affect haemostasis through platelet activation. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of acute exposure to diesel exhaust on platelet activation and platelet function. We tested the hypothesis in a randomised, crossover study in 25 healthy men exposed to ambient and polluted air; 11 of the subjects also performed exercise during exposure sessions. Platelet activation was evaluated by surface expression of CD62P (P-selectin) and CD63 (dense granule glycoprotein) using flow cytometry of labelled platelets. Platelet function was measured using the PFA-100 platelet function analyser and by Multiplate whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry. Acute diesel exhaust exposure had no effect on platelet activation at rest, but exercise in polluted air increased the collagen- induced expression of CD62P and CD63 (both p< 0.05). The increase in the expression of CD62P and CD63 was related to the total amount of PM2.5 inhaled during the exercise sessions (r=+0.58 and +0.60, respectively, both p< 0.05). Platelet aggregation was not impaired after polluted air exposure at rest or during exercise. In conclusion, in healthy subjects, diesel exhaust exposure induces platelet activation as illustrated by a dose-response increase in the release of CD62P and CD63. This platelet priming effect could be a contributor to the triggering of atherothrombotic events related to air pollution exposure.

Keywords

Environmental (risk) factors - atherothrombosis - platelet glycoproteins
 

  • References

  • 1 Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD. et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012; 380: 2224-2260.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Dockery DW, Pope CA, Xu X. et al. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U. S. cities. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1753-1759.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Laden F, Schwartz J, Speizer FE. et al. Reduction in fine particulate air pollution and mortality: Extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173: 667-672.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Pope CA, Muhlestein JB, May HT. et al. Ischemic heart disease events triggered by short-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. Circulation 2006; 114: 2443-2448.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Peters A, von Klot S, Heier M. et al. Exposure to traffic and the onset of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1721-1730.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Nawrot TS, Perez L, Künzli N. et al. Public health importance of triggers of myo-cardial infarction: a comparative risk assessment. Lancet 2011; 377: 732-740.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA. et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010; 121: 2331-2378.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Wauters A, Dreyfuss C, Pochet S. et al. Acute Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Impairs Nitric Oxide-Mediated Endothelial Vasomotor Function by Increasing Endothelial Oxidative Stress. Hypertension 2013; 62: 352-358.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Kaplan ZS, Jackson SP. The role of platelets in atherothrombosis. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2011; 2011: 51-61.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Nemmar A, Hoet PHM, Dinsdale D. et al. Diesel exhaust particles in lung acutely enhance experimental peripheral thrombosis. Circulation 2003; 107: 1202-1208.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Lucking AJ, Lundback M, Mills NL. et al. Diesel exhaust inhalation increases thrombus formation in man. Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 3043-3051.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Jacobs L, Emmerechts J, Mathieu C. et al. Air pollution related prothrombotic changes in persons with diabetes. Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118: 191-196.
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Mills NL, Törnqvist H, Gonzalez MC. et al. Ischemic and thrombotic effects of dilute diesel-exhaust inhalation in men with coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1075-1082.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Murakami T, Komiyama Y, Masuda M. et al. Flow cytometric analysis of platelet activation markers CD62P and CD63 in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Invest 1996; 26: 996-1003.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Preston RA, Coffey JO, Materson BJ. et al. Elevated platelet P-selectin expression and platelet activation in high risk patients with uncontrolled severe hypertension. Atherosclerosis 2007; 192: 148-154.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Barath S, Mills NL, Lundbäck M. et al. Impaired vascular function after exposure to diesel exhaust generated at urban transient running conditions. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010; 7-19..
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Choudhury A, Chung I, Blann AD. et al. Platelet surface CD62P and CD63, mean platelet volume, and soluble/platelet P-selectin as indexes of platelet function in atrial fibrillation: a comparison of “healthy control subjects” and “disease control subjects” in sinus rhythm. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 1957-1964.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Rauch U, Ziegler D, Piolot R. et al. Platelet activation in diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Diabet Med 1999; 16: 848-852.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Gardner B, Ling F, Hopke PK. et al. Ambient fine particulate air pollution triggers ST-elevation myocardial infarction, but not non-ST elevation myo-cardial infarction: a case-crossover study. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11: 1.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 McEver RP, Cummings RD. Perspectives series: cell adhesion in vascular biology. Role of PSGL-1 binding to selectins in leukocyte recruitment. J Clin Invest 1997; 100: 485-491.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Siscovick DS, Weiss NS, Fletcher RH. et al. Habitual vigorous exercise and primary cardiac arrest: effect of other risk factors on the relationship. J Chronic Dis 1984; 37: 625-631.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Hilberg T, Glä D, Schmidt V. et al. Short-term exercise and platelet activity, sensitivity to agonist, and platelet-leukocyte conjugate formation. Platelets 2003; 14: 67-74.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 World Health Organization. The world health report 2002 - Reducing Risks,. Promoting Healthy Life 2002; pp. 67-77.
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Nemmar A, Nemery B, Hoet PHM. et al. Pulmonary inflammation and throm-bogenicity caused by diesel particles in hamsters: role of histamine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168: 1366-1372.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Van Hinsbergh VWM. Endothelium-role in regulation of coagulation and inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34: 93-106.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Feron O, Balligand J-L. Caveolins and the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2006; 69: 788-797.
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar