Thromb Haemost 2017; 117(04): 784-793
DOI: 10.1160/TH16-11-0830
Stroke, Systemic or Venous Thromboembolism
Schattauer GmbH

Prediction of major and clinically relevant bleeding in patients with VTE treated with edoxaban or vitamin K antagonists

Marcello Di Nisio
1   Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University „G. D’Annunzio“ of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
2   Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,
Gary Raskob
3   College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
,
Harry R. Büller
2   Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,
Michael A. Grosso
4   Clinical Development, Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, New Jersey, USA
,
George Zhang
5   Biostatistics, Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, New Jersey, USA
,
Shannon M. Winters
6   Medical Affairs, Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Parsippany, New Jersey, USA
,
Alexander Cohen
7   Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals, King’s College London, UK
› Institutsangaben

Financial support: The Hokusai-VTE study was sponsored and funded by Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development.
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Publikationsverlauf

Received: 04. November 2016

Accepted after major revision: 31. Februar 2016

Publikationsdatum:
13. November 2017 (online)

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Summary

Better understanding of risk factors for major bleeding events during anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism (VTE) may help physicians when deciding on intensity and duration of treatment. The primary aim of this study was to identify risk factors for major and clinically relevant bleeding in patients receiving the oral factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban or warfarin for the treatment of acute VTE. We analysed data from 8240 patients who received ≥1 dose of study drug in the Hokusai-VTE study. Bleeding risk factors were evaluated in 4118 patients who received edoxaban and significant variables were combined in a prediction model. We used the C-statistic to estimate model discrimination and bootstrap techniques for internal validation. Major bleeding occurred in 56/4118 (1.4 %) patients given edoxaban and in 66/4122 (1.6 %) patients given warfarin. Clinically relevant bleeding occurred in 349 (8.5 %) and 423 (10.3 %), respectively. Significant risk factors for major bleeding during edoxaban treatment were female sex, concomitant antiplatelet therapy, haemoglobin ≤10 g/dl, history of arterial hypertension, and systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg. The discrimination of the model was high (C-statistic: 0.71) for major bleeding, lower for clinically relevant bleeding (C-statistic: 0.62) and when the model was applied to patients receiving warfarin (C-statistic 0.60). In conclusion, we identified five main predictors of major bleeding in patients receiving edoxaban for the treatment of acute VTE. A risk model based on these factors predicted an increased risk of bleeding with good discrimination.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.