Summary
Forty-two dogs with lameness emanating from the shoulder joint were studied by clinical
examination, radiographic examination, joint fluid analysis, and arthroscopic examination,
following a set protocol. Dogs with mild clinical signs, absent or mild radiographic
signs of osteoarthrosis, and without or with very mild changes in the synovial fluid,
may still have moderate to severe degenerative pathological changes in the shoulder
joint.
Keywords
Arthroscopy - radiography - cytology - shoulder - dog