RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1160/th14-02-0174
Deficiency of MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) prevents adverse remodelling and promotes endothelial healing after arterial injury
Financial support: This work was supported by the ADUMED-foundation and the German Heart Research Foundation (grant DSHF F/05/10) to U. B.; and by the DFG (SO876/3–1, SO876/6–1, SFB1123 TP A06 & TP B05) and the NWO (VIDI project 91712303) to O. S.Publikationsverlauf
Received:
26. Februar 2014
Accepted after major revision:
30. Juni 2014
Publikationsdatum:
29. November 2017 (online)
Summary
Maladaptive remodelling of the arterial wall after mechanical injury (e. g. angioplasty) is characterised by inflammation, neointima formation and media hypertrophy, resulting in narrowing of the affected artery. Moreover, mechanical injury of the arterial wall causes loss of the vessel protecting endothelial cell monolayer. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2), a major downstream target of p38 MAPK, regulates inflammation, cell migration and proliferation, essential processes for vascular remodelling and reendothelialisation. Therefore, we investigated the role of MK2 in remodelling and reendothelialisation after arterial injury in genetically modified mice in vivo. Hypercholesterolaemic low-densitylipoprotein- receptor-deficient mice (ldlr-/- ) were subjected to wire injury of the common carotid artery. MK2-deficiency (ldlr-/-/mk2-/- ) nearly completely prevented neointima formation, media hypertrophy, and lumen loss after injury. This was accompanied by reduced proliferation and migration of MK2-deficient smooth muscle cells. In addition, MK2-deficiency severely reduced monocyte adhesion to the arterial wall (day 3 after injury, intravital microscopy), which may be attributed to reduced expression of the chemokine ligands CCL2 and CCL5. In line, MK2-deficiency significantly reduced the content of monocytes, neutrophiles and lymphocytes of the arterial wall (day 7 after injury, flow cytometry). In conclusion, in a model of endothelial injury (electric injury), MK2-deficiency strongly increased proliferation of endothelial cells and improved reendothelialisation of the arterial wall after injury. Deficiency of MK2 prevents adverse remodelling and promotes endothelial healing of the arterial wall after injury, suggesting that MK2-inhibition is a very attractive intervention to prevent restenosis after percutaneous therapeutic angioplasty.
-
References
- 1 Gibbons GH, Dzau VJ. The emerging concept of vascular remodelling. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1431-1438.
- 2 Otsuka F, Finn AV, Yazdani SK. et al. The importance of the endothelium in atherothrombosis and coronary stenting. Nat Rev Cardiol 2012; 09: 439-453.
- 3 Inoue T, Croce K, Morooka T. et al. Vascular inflammation and repair: implications for re-endothelialisation, restenosis, and stent thrombosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 04: 1057-1066.
- 4 Costa MA, Simon DI. Molecular basis of restenosis and drug-eluting stents. Circulation 2005; 111: 2257-2273.
- 5 Stokoe D, Campbell DG, Nakielny S. et al. MAPKAP kinase-2; a novel protein kinase activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase. EMBO J 1992; 11: 3985-3994.
- 6 Gaestel M. MAPKAP kinases - MKs - two’s company, three’s a crowd. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2006; 07: 120-130.
- 7 Neininger A, Kontoyiannis D, Kotlyarov A. et al. MK2 targets AU-rich elements and regulates biosynthesis of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 independently at different post-transcriptional levels. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 3065-3068.
- 8 Kobayashi M, Nishita M, Mishima T. et al. MAPKAPK-2-mediated LIM-kinase activation is critical for VEGF-induced actin remodelling and cell migration. EMBO J 2006; 25: 713-726.
- 9 Kotlyarov A, Yannoni Y, Fritz S. et al. Distinct cellular functions of MK2. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22: 4827-4835.
- 10 Manke IA, Nguyen A, Lim D. et al. MAPKAP kinase-2 is a cell cycle checkpoint kinase that regulates the G2/M transition and S phase progression in response to UV irradiation. Mol Cell 2005; 17: 37-48.
- 11 Kotlyarov A, Neininger A, Schubert C. et al. MAPKAP kinase 2 is essential for LPS-induced TNF-biosynthesis. Nat Cell Biol 1999; 01: 94-97.
- 12 Jagavelu K, Tietge UJF, Gaestel M. et al. Systemic Deficiency of the MAP Kinase-Activated Protein Kinase 2 Reduces Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic Mice. Circ Res 2007; 101: 1104-1112.
- 13 Schober A, Manka D, von Hundelshausen P. et al. Deposition of Platelet RANTES Triggering Monocyte Recruitment Requires P-Selectin and Is Involved in Neointima Formation After Arterial Injury. Circulation 2002; 106: 1523-1529.
- 14 Lindner V, Fingerle J, Reidy MA. Mouse model of arterial injury. Circ Res 1993; 73: 792-796.
- 15 Brouchet L, Krust A, Dupont S. et al. Estradiol Accelerates Reendothelialisation in Mouse Carotid Artery Through Estrogen Receptor- but Not Estrogen Receptor- . Circulation 2001; 103: 423-428.
- 16 Soehnlein O, Wantha S, Simsekyilmaz S. et al. Neutrophil-Derived Cathelicidin Protects from Neointimal Hyperplasia. Sci Transl Med 2011; 03: 103ra198.
- 17 Hartwell DW, Mayadas TN, Berger G. et al. Role of P-selectin cytoplasmic domain in granular targeting in vivo and in early inflammatory responses. J Cell Biol 1998; 143: 1129-1141.
- 18 Grote K, Flach I, Luchtefeld M. et al. Mechanical stretch enhances mRNA expression and proenzyme release of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) via NAD(P)H oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species. Circ Res 2003; 92: e80-86.
- 19 Curcio A, Torella D, Indolfi C. Mechanisms of Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Endothelial Regeneration After Vascular Injury and Stenting - Approach to Therapy -. Circ J 2011; 75: 1287-1296.
- 20 Van Belle E, Tio FO, Chen D. et al. Passivation of metallic stents after arterial gene transfer of phVEGF165 inhibits thrombus formation and intimal thickening. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29: 1371-1379.
- 21 Carmeliet P, Moons L, Stassen JM. et al. Vascular wound healing and neointima formation induced by perivascular electric injury in mice. Am J Pathol 1997; 150: 761-776.
- 22 Manka DR, Wiegman P, Din S. et al. Arterial injury increases expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules in the carotid arteries of apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. J Vasc Res 1999; 36: 372-378.
- 23 Schober A, Weber C. Mechanisms of monocyte recruitment in vascular repair after injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2005; 07: 1249-1257.
- 24 Kovacic JC, Gupta R, Lee AC. et al. Stat3-dependent acute Rantes production in vascular smooth muscle cells modulates inflammation following arterial injury in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120: 303-314.
- 25 von Hundelshausen P, Weber KSC, Huo Y. et al. RANTES Deposition by Platelets Triggers Monocyte Arrest on Inflamed and Atherosclerotic Endothelium. Circulation 2001; 103: 1772-1777.
- 26 Schober A, Zernecke A, Liehn EA. et al. Crucial role of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury in hyperlipidemic mice involves early monocyte recruitment and CCL2 presentation on platelets. Circ Res 2004; 95: 1125-1133.
- 27 Liehn EA, Piccinini AM, Koenen RR. et al. A new monocyte chemotactic protein-1/chemokine CC motif ligand-2 competitor limiting neointima formation and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56: 1847-1857.
- 28 Soehnlein O, Drechsler M, Doring Y. et al. Distinct functions of chemokine receptor axes in the atherogenic mobilisation and recruitment of classical monocytes. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 05: 471-481.
- 29 Zernecke A, Liehn EA, Gao JL. et al. Deficiency in CCR5 but not CCR1 protects against neointima formation in atherosclerosis-prone mice: involvement of IL-10. Blood 2006; 107: 4240-4243.
- 30 Gorska MM, Liang Q, Stafford SJ. et al. MK2 controls the level of negative feedback in the NF-kappaB pathway and is essential for vascular permeability and airway inflammation. J Exp Med 2007; 204: 1637-1652.
- 31 Clark AR, Dean JLE, Saklatvala J. Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. FEBS Lett 2003; 546: 37-44.
- 32 Waterhouse CC, Joseph RR, Winsor GL. et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production by intestinal epithelial cells in vitro: a role for p38 in epithelial chemokine expression. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2001; 21: 223-230.
- 33 Frevel MAE, Bakheet T, Silva AM. et al. p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent and -Independent Signaling of mRNA Stability of AU-Rich Element-Containing Transcripts. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23: 425-436.
- 34 Sauer I, Schaljo B, Vogl C. et al. Interferons limit inflammatory responses by induction of tristetraprolin. Blood 2006; 107: 4790-4797.
- 35 Stoecklin G, Stubbs T, Kedersha N. et al. MK2-induced tristetraprolin:14-3-3 complexes prevent stress granule association and ARE-mRNA decay. EMBO J 2004; 23: 1313-1324.
- 36 King CA. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus kaposin B induces unique monophosphorylation of STAT3 at serine 727 and MK2-mediated inactivation of the STAT3 transcriptional repressor TRIM28. J Virol 2013; 87: 8779-8791.
- 37 Liu H, Ning H, Men H. et al. Regulation of CCL5 expression in smooth muscle cells following arterial injury. PLoS One 2012; 07: e30873.
- 38 Boettger T, Beetz N, Kostin S. et al. Acquisition of the contractile phenotype by murine arterial smooth muscle cells depends on the Mir143/145 gene cluster. J Clin Invest 2009; 119: 2634-2647.
- 39 Owens GK, Kumar MS, Wamhoff BR. Molecular regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in development and disease. Physiol Rev 2004; 84: 767-801.
- 40 Hedges JC, Dechert MA, Yamboliev IA. et al. A Role for p38MAPK/HSP27 Pathway in Smooth Muscle Cell Migration. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 24211-24219.
- 41 Garcia-Cardena G, Comander J, Anderson KR. et al. Biomechanical activation of vascular endothelium as a determinant of its functional phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 4478-4485.
- 42 Proctor BM, Jin X, Lupu TS. et al. Requirement for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in neointima formation after vascular injury. Circulation 2008; 118: 658-666.
- 43 Kou B, Ni J, Vatish M. et al. Xanthine oxidase interaction with vascular endothelial growth factor in human endothelial cell angiogenesis. Microcirculation 2008; 15: 251-267.
- 44 de Olano N, Koo CY, Monteiro LJ. et al. The p38 MAPK-MK2 axis regulates E2F1 and FOXM1 expression after epirubicin treatment. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10: 1189-1202.
- 45 Zachariadis M, Gorgoulis VG. E2F1 (E2F transcription factor 1). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol 2008; 812-816.
- 46 Roux PP, Blenis J. ERK and p38 MAPK-activated protein kinases: a family of protein kinases with diverse biological functions. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2004; 68: 320-344.
- 47 Aird WC. Endothelial cell heterogeneity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012; 02: a006429.
- 48 Lacorre DA, Baekkevold ES, Garrido I. et al. Plasticity of endothelial cells: rapid dedifferentiation of freshly isolated high endothelial venule endothelial cells outside the lymphoid tissue microenvironment. Blood 2004; 103: 4164-4172.
- 49 Burridge KA, Friedman MH. Environment and vascular bed origin influence differences in endothelial transcriptional profiles of coronary and iliac arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299: H837-846.