Differential cellular FGF-2 upregulation in the rat facial nucleus following axotomy, functional electrical stimulation and corticosterone: a possible therapeutic target to Bell’s palsy

Karen F Coracini; Caio J Fernandes; Almir F Barbarini; César M Silva; Rodrigo T Scabello; Gabriela P Oliveira; Gerson Chadi

doi:10.1186/1749-7221-5-16

Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury, Table of Contents

J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2010; 05(01): e82-e96
DOI: 10.1186/1749-7221-5-16

Research article

Coracini et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Differential cellular FGF-2 upregulation in the rat facial nucleus following axotomy, functional electrical stimulation and corticosterone: a possible therapeutic target to Bell’s palsy^[*]

Karen F Coracini

¹Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 2nd floor, room 2119, São Paulo - 01246-903, Brazil

,

Caio J Fernandes

¹Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 2nd floor, room 2119, São Paulo - 01246-903, Brazil

,

Almir F Barbarini

¹Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 2nd floor, room 2119, São Paulo - 01246-903, Brazil

,

César M Silva

¹Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 2nd floor, room 2119, São Paulo - 01246-903, Brazil

,

Rodrigo T Scabello

¹Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 2nd floor, room 2119, São Paulo - 01246-903, Brazil

,

Gabriela P Oliveira

¹Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 2nd floor, room 2119, São Paulo - 01246-903, Brazil

,

Gerson Chadi

¹Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 2nd floor, room 2119, São Paulo - 01246-903, Brazil

› Author Affiliations
Subject Editor:

Abstract

Background The etiology of Bell’s palsy can vary but anterograde axonal degeneration may delay spontaneous functional recovery leading the necessity of therapeutic interventions. Corticotherapy and/or complementary rehabilitation interventions have been employed. Thus the natural history of the disease reports to a neurotrophic resistance of adult facial motoneurons leading a favorable evolution however the related molecular mechanisms that might be therapeutically addressed in the resistant cases are not known. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) pathway signaling is a potential candidate for therapeutic development because its role on wound repair and autocrine/paracrine trophic mechanisms in the lesioned nervous system.

Methods Adult rats received unilateral facial nerve crush, transection with amputation of nerve branches, or sham operation. Other group of unlesioned rats received a daily functional electrical stimulation in the levator labii superioris muscle (1 mA, 30 Hz, square wave) or systemic corticosterone (10 mgkg^-1). Animals were sacrificed seven days later.

Results Crush and transection lesions promoted no changes in the number of neurons but increased the neurofilament in the neuronal neuropil of axotomized facial nuclei. Axotomy also elevated the number of GFAP astrocytes (143% after crush; 277% after transection) and nuclear FGF-2 (57% after transection) in astrocytes (confirmed by two-color immunoperoxidase) in the ipsilateral facial nucleus. Image analysis reveled that a seven days functional electrical stimulation or corticosterone led to elevations of FGF-2 in the cytoplasm of neurons and in the nucleus of reactive astrocytes, respectively, without astrocytic reaction.

Conclusion FGF-2 may exert paracrine/autocrine trophic actions in the facial nucleus and may be relevant as a therapeutic target to Bell’s palsy.

Full Text

References

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Differential cellular FGF-2 upregulation in the rat facial nucleus following axotomy, functional electrical stimulation and corticosterone: a possible therapeutic target to Bell’s palsy[*]

Differential cellular FGF-2 upregulation in the rat facial nucleus following axotomy, functional electrical stimulation and corticosterone: a possible therapeutic target to Bell’s palsy^[*]